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Reasons for The Decrease in Lithium Cycling Efficiency

The reasons why lithium cycling efficiency is not 100% are generally considered to be as follows  [Pg.382]

1) Lithium is consumed by reaction with the electrolyte, which forms a protective film [6]. During the deposition and stripping of lithium, the surface shape changes and a fresh lithium surface is formed with a new protection film on it lithium is consumed in the process. [Pg.382]

2) Lithium is isolated in a protective film [8]. During the deposition of Hthium, the protective film may be heated locally by ion transport in the film itself As a result of this local heating, part of the protective film (SEI) becomes an electronic conductor, and therefore lithium metal is deposited in the film. If local heating does not occur during stripping, the isolated hthium becomes electrochemically inactive. [Pg.382]

3) Deposited lithium is isolated from the base anode [30, 31]. When a cell is charged, lithium is deposited on the lithium substrate of the anode. Sometimes, the plated lithium is not flat but fiber-like. When the cell is discharged, the lithium anode dissolves, and sometimes the fiber-like lithium is cut and becomes isolated from the anode substrate [31]. This isolated lithium is called dead lithium, and it is electochemically inactive but chemically active. During cycling, this dead lithium accumulates on the anode. [Pg.382]

We believe that item 3 above is the main reason for the low cycling efficiency. The thermal stability of lithium-metal cells decreases with cycling [30], and the dead lithium may be the cause of this reduction. This indicates that the cyding efficiency is strongly affected by the morphology of the Hthium surface. [Pg.382]


See other pages where Reasons for The Decrease in Lithium Cycling Efficiency is mentioned: [Pg.343]    [Pg.343]    [Pg.382]    [Pg.343]    [Pg.343]    [Pg.382]    [Pg.304]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.25]    [Pg.212]   


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