Real potential of electron

The real potential of electron times — 1, — are(ar), is termed the electron work function O(ar). It should be realized that all these cases involve measurement of differences between two states. Since, however, one of these states... 

Fig. 4- Electron energy levels of two different metals A and B in (a) isolated state and in (b) contact state e s electron energy a,= real potential of electrons in metal ty = Fermi level of electrons in metal MtJB = inner potential difference AtpA/B = outer potential difference.

Figures 4-11 and 4-12 show schematic energy diagrams for the electron transfer from the standard gaseous state through the electrolyte solution into the metal electrode. As mentioned in Chap. 2, the electron level (the real potential of electron) a s/v> in an electrolyte solution consists of an electrostatic energy...

Fig. 4-11. Energy diagram for electron transfer from a standard gaseous electron across a solution/vacuum interface, through an electrolyte solution, and across a metal/solution interface into a metal electrode = real potential of electrons e,s) in electrolyte...

Fig. 4-12. Electron energy levels in electron transfer from a standard gaseous electron throu an electrol3rte solution into an electrode a,(M/sn)) = real potential of electron in electrode E = electrode potential (absolute electrode potential).

For partially immersed electrodes, as shown in Fig. 4-13, an outer potential difference di )n/s arises between the free surface of the electrode and the free surface of the electrol3de solution Anpius equals the difference in the real potential of electron (aeelectrode isolated fix>m the electrolyte solution as in Eqn. 4-15 ... 

In the cell used for measuring the electrode potential, in which the two electrodes are immersed in a single phase of electrolyte solution, the outer potential, tps, ofthe test electrode-solution is equal to the outer potential, ips, of the reference electrode-solution as shown in Fig. 4—24. The difference in the Fermi level of electrons, CFtu)- between the test electrode M and the reference electrode M , then, is represented by the difference in the real potential of electrons, M/aw) - .(M0/ V). tuid hence by the difference in the electrode potential (absolute electrode potential), AE = E-E°, between the two electrodes. This difference also equals the difference in the work function, 4>no/3/v - 4>ji/s/v> between the two electrodes. Thus, the potential E of the test electrode relative to the reference electrode is the difference in the electrode potential (absolute electrode potential) between the two electrodes as indicated in Eqn. 4-35 . 

Figure 4-25 compares the relative electrode potential, Etna, both with the (absolute) electrode potential, E, and with the real potential, of electrons in the... 

Fig. 6-1. Electrochemical cell, electric charge flow in a closed cell circuit, and electron levels of two electrodes in an open cell circuit M = electrode S = electrolyte solution a, = real potential of electrons in electrode, e.Ji -electromotive force.

In any electrochemical cell the outer potentials of the electrolyte for the two electrodes are identical so long as the two electrodes are immersed in a homogeneous electrolyte. The difference in the electrochemical potential of electrons consequently becomes equal to the difference in the real potential of electrons between the two electrodes that is -1j L)) =... 

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