Reactor inlet baskets

Kaye [5] found that the model parameters A3-A5 depended mainly on three dimensionless groups Re, y and B. The Reynolds number is based on center-pipe diameter and reactor inlet velocity, y is the area ratio defined earlier and B is a measure of the flow resistance of the catalyst bed and baskets. The results of changing these three parameters are shown in Figures 1 3, and are similar to those found by Kaye [5], thus validating the solution obtained. Only CF-flow is shown , as there is little difference between CF- and CP-flows [2],... 

The oxidation of gaseous ethanol (first-order reaction) was studied in a spinning basket reactor with Pt/Al203 on a ceramic monolith as catalyst. The inlet concentration of ethanol... 

In the experiments presented in Fig. 4, the catalyst rnass was approximately six times larger than for those shown in Fig. 5- XF5 (x-ray fluoresence spectroscopy) artalysis of the used catalyst shows that this results in a distinct axial Mo-profile, as shown in Fig. 6 for similar experiments. In this case the degree of fcductioo does not have the major influence on the activity. Instead, the rate of the loss of catalyst mass becomes determining. The long term deactivation of the catalyst was found to occur concurrently with the loss of Mo from the catalyst (ref. 7,S). This has been determined using a modified integral reactor (multibasket reactor) where, after the deactivation experiments the baskets can be separated and analyzed separately. Fig. 6 shows the Mo/P profile measured at different times on stream. Depicted there is the molar Mo/P ratio of the deactivated catalyst from different axial positions in the multibasket reactor, normalized with the Mo/P ratio of the fresh catalyst It is dearly seen that Mo is lost mainly in the inlet section, while no Mo loss was found in the outlet section of the reactor. 

Figure 1. The baseplate for the Broida oven metal flow reactor. This baseplate is attached to the bottom of a vacuum chamber (Fig. 2). (a) chemiluminescent flame (b) oxidant injection ring (c) tungsten wire heating basket (d) Ar carrier gas inlet (e) cooling water (f) oxidant gas inlet (g) electrical feeds for heating (h) alkaline earth metal (i) alumina crucible and (j) alumina heat shield. [Reprinted with permission from ref. 28. Copyright 1991 American Association for the Advancement of Science.]...

The heart of the ammonia synthesis loop is the ammonia converter. The ammonia converter normally comprises a basket (internals) enclosed in a pressure shell. In the ammonia synthesis converter(s), due to the exothermal nature of the reaction taking place, it is normally not possible to go from the inlet to, the outlet conditions in the reactor in one adiabatic step, if a reasonable conversion is desired. Therefore, some type of cooling is required. In principle, the cooling can be applied in three different ways ... 

The above indicates that low alloy steel, e.g. IViCr ViMo, can be used for most loop equipment including the converter pressure shell. Critical parts are the reactor internals (the basket ), which are most often made fi om stainless steel (SS 321), and the inlet part of the waste heat boiler which must either be made from or cladded by corrosion-resistant material, like Incoloy or similar. 

CSTR One type of catalytic CSTR is the spinning basket reactor in which each experiment is carried out at a given inlet... 

---