Reactivity of benzene rings activating and deactivating substituents

1 Reactivity of benzene rings activating and deactivating substituents 

Inductive and mesomeric effects are discussed in Sections 1.6.1 and 1.6.3, respectively 

The mechanism of electrophilic substitution of benzene is discussed in Section 7.2 

As nitrogen is less electronegative than oxygen, the NHj group has a stronger +M effect than the OH group 

The stronger the +M and/or +I effect, the more activating the group and the more reactive the benzene ring is to electrophilic attack. Note that positive mesomeric effects are generally stronger than positive inductive effects (see Section 1.6). 

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Reactivity of benzene rings Activating and deactivating substituents... 

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