Reactive spray deposition method

Similar hot spraying methods can also be used to create multiple graded functional layers in electrochemical devices such as batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, or capacitors. For example, the National Research Council Canada has developed a reactive spray deposition method, in which metals are dissolved in an organic solvent, vaporized at elevated temperatures, and sprayed through a short flame on various substrate surfeces as a deposition straight from the gas phase. This method allows very good control of the microstructure of the functional layers. 

The photoelectrochemical behavior of a given photoanode is dependent on its method of synthesis. Various methods, some of which we now briefly consider, such as anodic oxidation, spray pyrolysis, reactive sputtering and vapor deposition are commonly employed to make polycrystalline thin films. 

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