Reactive mixing series reactions

Li, K. T and Toor, H. L., Turbulent reactive mixing with a series-parallel reaction Effect of mixing on yield. AIChE. J. 32,1312 (1986). 

Li, K.T. and Toor, H.L. (1986), Turbulent reactive mixing with series parallel reaction, effect of mixing on yield,A/C/i 7.,32, 1312. 

Most of what we know about solvent effects is a result of studies in which the reactivity is compared in a series of solvents. There are two main types of experimental design in one of these the reaction is carried out in different pure solvents in the other design the reaction is studied in mixed solvents, often a binary mixture whose composition is varied across the entire range. Experimental limitations often... 

The presence of cross-associated species needs to be considered in the interpretation of copolymerization kinetics. It has been found 269) that the reaction of poly(butadie-nyl)lithium with p-divinylbenzene in benzene solution proceeds at a rate which increases markedly with time. Such a result implies that the poly(butadienyl)lithium aggregate is less reactive than the mixed aggregate formed between the butadienyl-and vinylbenzyllithium active centers. Interestingly, no accelerations with increasing reaction time were found with poly(butadienyl)lithium and m-divinylbenzene nor with poly(isoprenyl)lithium and either the m- or p-divinylbenzenes. This general behavior was subsequently verified 270) by a series of size exclusion chromatography measurements on polydiene stars (linked via divinylbenzene) as a function of conversion. 

A more reactive metal has a greater tendency to form a metal ion by losing electrons than a less reactive metal does. Therefore, if a more reactive metal is heated with the oxide of a less reactive metal, then it will remove the oxygen from it (as the oxide anion). You can see from the reactivity series that iron is less reactive than aluminium (p. 150). If iron(m) oxide is mixed with aluminium and the mixture is heated using a magnesium fuse (Figure 10.6), a very violent reaction occurs as the competition between the aluminium and the iron for the oxygen takes place. 

The oxide-catalyzed decomposition of N20 has been used by Hiittig to investigate the catalytic activity of oxides and of mixed oxides (4). Hauffe and co-workers (52) drew attention to the high activity of p-type oxides and Dell et al. (3) drew up a reactivity series of pure oxides from their own results and those of Schwab et al. (53), Schmid and Keller (54), and Wagner (55) and showed that in general p-type oxides were the best catalysts and n-type the worst, with insulators occupying an intermediate position. The reaction is usually written (3)... 

If each type of sulfur compound is removed by a reaction that was first-order with respect to sulfur concentration, the first-order reaction rate would gradually, and continually, decrease as the more reactive sulfur compounds in the mix became depleted. The more stable sulfur species would remain and the residuum would contain the more difficult-to-remove sulfur compounds. This sequence of events will, presumably lead to an apparent second-order rate equation which is, in fact, a compilation of many consecutive first-order reactions of continually decreasing rate constant. Indeed, the desulfurization of model sulfur-containing compounds exhibits first-order kinetics, and the concept that the residuum consists of a series of first-order reactions of decreasing rate constant leading to an overall second-order effect has been found to be acceptable. 

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