Rare Earth Nanophosphors with Upconversion Luminescence

3 Rare Earth Nanophosphors with Upconversion Luminescence 

However, such two-step conversion strategies for upconversion nanophosphors have some intrinsic limitations, such as complicated preparation and post-treatment procedures. Therefore, one-pot synthesis of water-soluble and surface-functionalized UCNPs has been attracting more attention. The groups working with Zhang [127] and Liu [128] employed 

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Figure 13.43 In vivo upconversion luminescence imaging of subcutaneous HeLa tumor-bearing athymic nude mice (right hind leg) after intravenous injection of (A) UCNPS-NH2 or (B) UCNPs-FA. All images were acquired under the same instrumental conditions (power density approximately 120 mW cm on the surface of the mouse) [129]. (Reproduced from fiiomafen a/i, 30, L.Q. Xiong ef a/., Synthesis, characterization, and in vivo targeted imaging of amine-functionalized rare-earth up-converting nanophosphors, 5592-5600, 2009, with permission from Elsevier.)...

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