Range of expansion

Code 9608 may be produced in a range of expansion values depending on intended appHcation. 

Because of water content, foams may be used to extinguish surface fires in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, rags, etc. Foams are arbitrarily subdivided into three ranges of expansion roughly corresponding to certain types of usage ... 

It will be noted that the existence of a temperature range of expansion oa. 13° C. is confirmed, the temperature of half expansion... 

A comparison of the dependence Af / As vs. (p(Af is film area, (p is volume fraction of dispersed phase) reported by Princen for emulsions, with the data obtained for a dodecahedral model [83] is given in Fig. 1.12. The figure shows that these dependences coincide within the whole range of expansion ratios studied. 

The study of the electrical resistance of a foam versus its expansion ratio for various kinds of ionic surfactants [59] has indicated that with the increase in n the proportionality coefficient equal to BRi, diminishes. This is attributed to the effect of surface conductivity. But it is equally probable the reduction of foam resistance to be a result of the more intensive internal foam collapse that leads to surfactant accumulation in the foam and enhanced electrical conductivity. Investigations of foams from various surfactants in the same range of expansion ratios (n = 100 to 500) have not established [58], however, a rise in electrical conductivity and an effect of surface conductivity. 

The usefulness of the Jacobi expansions would be limited, however, if there were no means of estimating the range of expansion from the equations of motion without solving secular equations. One such method has been used successfully, and will be described later in this section. 

Orders and Ranges of Expansions of In h(u) Using Various with L = 0 and 5"... 

External insulation permits the use of pressure pipe of a minimum diameter and thus of a minimum wall thickness but requires that the pipe be constructed of cryogenic-rated material, such as stainless steel, 9% nickel steel, or 5083-H113 aluminium. These materials are considerably more expensive than ordinary carbon-steel pipe, ranging from ten times for stainless steel to three times for nickel steel or aluminium. The external insulation, usually urethane foam, is secured to the pipe with a metal or plastic vapour barrier and a protective jacket. Such insulation is relatively weak mechanically and could not impose any significant axial restraint on the pipe. Since such a pipe will be constructed at ambient temperatures, but operate at about 194 K, there will be a considerable range of expansion (0.15% for steel and 0.3% for aluminium), which will have to... 

There has been phenomenal expansion in the range of experiments coimected with light-molecule interactions. If one thinks of light as an electromagnetic (EM) wave, like any wave it has an amplittide, a frequency and a phase. The advent of the laser in 1960 completely revolutionized the control over all tluee of hese factors. The amplittide of the EM wave is related to its intensity current laser capabilities allow... 

This equation may be solved by the same methods as used with the nonreactive coupled-channel equations (discussed later in section A3.11.4.2). Flowever, because F(p, p) changes rapidly with p, it is desirable to periodically change the expansion basis set ip. To do this we divide the range of p to be integrated into sectors and within each sector choose a (usually the midpoint) to define local eigenfimctions. The coiipled-chaimel equations just given then apply withm each sector, but at sector boundaries we change basis sets. Let y and 2 be the associated with adjacent sectors. Then, at the sector boundary p we require... 

Hafnium oxide 30—40 mol % titanium oxide ceramics (qv) exhibit a very low coefficient of thermal expansion over the temperature range of 20—1000°C. A 45—50 mol % titanium oxide ceramic can be heated to over 2800°C with no crystallographic change (48). 

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