Ragged ends

Fused silica is slightly more brittle than borosilicate glasses and is therefore more easily fractured. Tubes up to just over 1 cm in diameter can be snapped with the fingers after scratching with a file or glass knife. Any ragged end so formed can be cleaned up with an abrasive wheel. 

There are some inherent methods to increase the reliability of a MALDI mass mapping identification. If trypsin was used as an enzyme for digestion, the sequences. . . RR.. . , . . . RK.. . , . . . KR.. . , or. . . KK.. . often produce ragged ends owing to partial cleavage behind the first lysine or arginine. This can be used to increase the confidence of an identification (Jensen et al., 1996). 

The capillary used in such measurements is usually 1 cm long with an internal diameter of 80-100 pm. It should have a ragged end, which causes mercury to flow in several streams, resulting in as large a surface area as possible. 

The capillaries are flamed and drawn out about three-quarters of their length from one end. They should be scored with a diamond pencil and broken cleanly to avoid a ragged end. The drawn out end should not be excessively long or have a too narrow bore. 

After labelling ragged ends cleave with a restriction enzyme to yield end-labelled fragments of less than 100 nucleotides. Denature and electrophorese on a sequencing gel (1.5 mm thick). Select a well-resolved single band, elute, and use for sequence analysis... 

Ragged Ending. When a scene ends in an unhappy, ugly, or unoomfortable way. 

Technically, the AM1/DFT correction is now implemented as a combination of the structure analysis tool COSMO/yze developed for COSMO/rag and the MOPAC2002 program [59]. COSMO/y-ze analyses the bond types of a new protein and writes an input file for MOPAC, which contains all the correction charges for atoms and bond centers. By a small modification, MOPAC2002 is now able to read these AM1/DFT correction charges and to add the corresponding corrections to the electrostatic potential on the COSMO surface at the end of a MOPAC/COSMO calculation. In a final COSMO call, the improved potential is converted into updated COSMO charges and a COSMO file with quality closer to BP-SVP quality is written. 

A common feature observed at naturally aged rag paper samples is the relatively high amount of carbonyl groups at the low- and mid-range of MW, approx, below 105 g/mol or DP 6000. Roughly 50% of all carbonyls fall below DP 300. From the amount of reducing ends as estimated from Mn it was... 

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