Radiation damages and recovery

The range in tungsten of these particles was about 5000 A. It was found that two damages on the emitter surface, one at the incident side and one at the exit side, could be observed. Sinha Miiller104 

It is found that the atomic arrangement, or a vacancy network, in a depleted zone in a refractory metal or a dilute alloy of a refractory metal, created by bombardment of an ion can be reconstructed on an atomic scale from which the shape and size of the zone, the radial distribution function of the vacancies, and the fraction of monovacancies and vacancy clusters can be calculated. For example, Wei Seidman108 studied structures of depleted zones in tungsten produced by the bombardment of 30 keV ions of different masses, W+, Mo+ and Cr+. They find the average diameters of the depleted zones created by these ions to be 18,25 and 42 A, respectively. The fractions of isolated monovacancies are, respectively, 0.13,0.19and0.28,andthe fractions of vacancies with more than six nearest neighbor vacancies (or vacancy clusters) are, respect- 

Recovery of radiation damages of a material by isochronal annealing 

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