Quantifying the Magnetic Anisotropy

Magnetic measurements on oriented single crystals are the ideal technique for direct observation of the magnetic anisotropy. Therefore at a first glance, it may appear surprising that relatively few single-crystal studies on lanthanide 

Y directions that is only captured by using the excited-state encompassing Hamiltonian described in the text. (Reprinted with permission from [32]. Copyright 2008, American Physical Society.) 

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