Qualitative Theory of Solvent Effects on Reaction Rates

3 Qualitative Theory of Solvent Effects on Reaction Rates [Pg.162]

Organic reactions can be loosely grouped into three classes depending on the character of the activated complex through which these reactions can proceed dipolar, isopolar, and free-radical transition-state reactions [15, 468]. [Pg.162]

Dipolar activated complexes differ considerably in charge separation or charge distribution from the initial reactants. Dipolar transition-state reactions with large solvent effects can be found amongst ionization, displacement, elimination, and fragmentation reactions such as [Pg.162]

Free-radical activated complexes are formed by the creation of unpaired electrons during homolytic bond cleavage. Free-radical transition-state reactions with small or negligible solvent effects are found among radical-pair formation and atom-transfer reactions such as [Pg.163]