Quadrilateral socket

Vannah and Chlidress [7] applied similar techniques to measure the human calf, but confined the limb within a shell. They noted that stress relaxation occurred within one second of load application and no preconditioning effect was noted. Torres-Morenos et al. [6] performed a similar study, working through ports in quadrilateral sockets of three above-knee amputees. However, they found the mechanical properties of... 

FIGURE 33.13 Quadrilateral ischial seat transfemoral suction socket with total contact lateral view (a), cross section (h), and suction valve on medial aspect (c). (Adapted from Ref. 50, Fig. 43.)... 

The only trans-femoral prosthetic socket was total contact quadrilateral with suction socket, stabilized knee and uniaxial foot [8]. 

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