Pyrrolidine alkaloids occurrence

Tables I through VIII summarize the occurrences of alkaloids from ants and other insects. Each table presents chemical structures as well as specific sources of particular types of alkaloids e.g.. Table I covers piperidines and pyridines. Table II, pyrrolidines, pyrroles, and indolizidines.

Thebaine, the methoxy derivative of morphine, is also a habit-forming substance, but its primary toxic effects are similar to those of strychnine, a convulsant poison, rather than narcosis. Also, there are alkaloids having different structures but similar toxic actions. Lobeline, a lobelia alkaloid, which has a piperidine nucleus, shows pharmacologic action similar (but less potent) to that of nicotine, a tobacco alkaloid that has a pyridine-pyrrolidine ring system. The structure, occurrence, physical properties, and toxicity of some important alkaloids are presented in the following sections. 

Table 3.1 Occurrence of the most frequent types of pyrrolidine, tobacco, and tropane alkaloids in the Solanaceae proved by isolation or chromatographic methods (PC, TLC, GC/MS) tropanes mainly based on data of Lounasmaa and Tamminen (1993 and references therein). Qassification according to... 

Table 3.2 Occurrence of frequent types of pyrrolidine ruid tropane alkaloids as well as nicotine in the Convolvulaceae proved by isolation or GC/MS analysis. Classification according to Fig. 2.3... 

Table 3.7 Occurrence of pyrrolidine, tobacco, and tropane alkaloids in both large Solanales families compared with the occurrence out of the Solanales. Data on tropanes based on Lounasmaa and Tamminen (1993), Griffin and Lin (2000) and references therein data concerning the Convolvulaceae based on the literature given in Table 3.2... 

Daly JW, Spande TF, Whittaker N, Highet RJ, Feigl D, Nishimori N, Tokuyama T, Myers CW. Alkaloids from den-drobatid frogs structures of two and occurrence of 2, 5-disubstimted pyrrolidines a-hydroxy congeners of 3-butyl-5-propylindolizidine and a 2,6-disubstituted pipridine. J. Nat. Prod. 1986 49(2) 265-280. 

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