Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone

PHGP, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase PIH, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone PKC, protein kinase C PMA, phorbol... 

Ponka et al. [372] showed that pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH, Figure 19.23) is an iron chelating agent. Numerous studies showed the possibility of using this chelator for the treatment of iron overload disease [373], In subsequent studies the antioxidant activity of PIN has been confirmed. For example, Hermes-Lima et al. [374,375] showed that PIN protected plasmid pUC-18 DNA and 2-deoxyribose against hydroxyl radical damage. 

Iron overload within the mitochondria confers cellular sensitivity to oxidant stress and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Friedreich s ataxia, which might be treated by iron chelators to mobilise mitochondrial iron (Smith et al. 1999, Richardson et al. 2001). However, desferrioxamine cannot efficiently mobilise iron from cells (Bottomley et al. 1985, Richardson et al. 1994), and it is not effective at mobilising Fe from Fe-loaded mitochondria (Ponka et al. 1979, 1984). Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone showed high affinity at mobilising Fe from an experimental model of mitochondrial Fe overload in reticulocytes (Ponka et al. 1979), and so did several of its analogues (Richardson et al. 2001). 

Brittenham GM (1990) Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone an effective iron-chelator after oral administration. Semin Hematol 27 112-116... 

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