Pulmonary embolism approach

FIGURE 7-11. Treatment of venous thromboembolism. LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin PE, pulmonary embolism SBP, systolic blood pressure UFH, unfractionated heparin VTE, venous thromboembolism. (Reproduced from Haines ST, Zeolla M, Witt DM. Venous thromboembolism. In DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al, (eds.) Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th ed. New York McGraw-Hill 2005 398, with permission.)... 

Goldhaber SZ. A contemporary approach to thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism. Vase Med 2000 5 115-123. 

In CEA, incremental costs are compared (in a ratio) to incremental outcomes (as measured in physical or natural units). Physical and natural units can include both intermediate (surrogate) clinical endpoints (for example millimetres of mercury blood pressure reduction, changes in FEVj), or final endpoints (for example deaths averted or life-years gained). In a study that assessed the cost per deaths due to pulmonary embolism averted, Hull and associates reported that subcutaneous administration of low-dose heparin starting two hours before surgery was a cost-effective approach to prophylaxis compared to the four alternative regimens. It should be noted that although this study is somewhat dated, it was... 

Wood KE. Major pulmonary embolism Review of a pathophysiologic approach to the golden hour of hemodynamically significant pulmonary embolism. Chest 2002 121 877-905. 

There are currently five alternative approaches for preventing and/or treating pulmonary embolism. They are ... 

Until now IVC filters have relied on conical and other stuq)ed wire forms to serve as blood filters to prevent pulmonary embolism. The designs, styles and materials tiiat are in cotmnercial use lead to unacceptable levels of late complications. We havq therefore, proposed an alternative design approach using a flexible textile filter Ibr the next generation of devices, which we believe will prove more clinically safe and ef cadous than current conunercial designs. 

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