Protons magnetic moment

Figure 10.1 Orientation of proton magnetic moments in an external static magnetic field and the precession of proton magnetic moments around the applied magnetic field.

In the absence of an external magnetic field, proton magnetic moments have random orientations. When an external magnetic field is applied, each proton in a sample assumes the a state or the /3 state. Because the a-spin state is lower in energy, there are more a spins than /3 spins. 

In this paper we consider the energy level diagram of the ground state of muonium in a magnetic field (Fig. 1). The transition frequencies and 1 34 have been measured [5] with high precision and used to determine the hyperfine structure interval Av and the ratio i /fXp of the muon magnetic moment to the proton magnetic moment. As applied to muonium the theory uses a modified... 

Fig. 4. Radio frequency spectrum of H2 in the vicinity of the proton resonance frequency [4] in first clearly observed multiple line spectra with coherent radiation. The resonance frequencies are primarily determined by the interaction of the proton magnetic moment with the external magnetic field, but the states of different mj and mj are displaced relative to each other by the different values of the nuclear spin-spin and spin rotational interaction energies [4].

Equation (5.14) amounts to a description of the anisotropic coupling A°° + A originating from the interaction of an electron spin magnetic moment i = , UsgS with the proton magnetic moment The isotropic part of gT which is usually called the pseudo contact interaction is only zero for isotropic g tensors. Since in (5.14) the g tensor is known from EPR data, the remaining parameters which describe A are a, and the direction cosines, nj. 

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