Proton conductivity permanent

Following the discussion on ionic conductivity in section 12.1, and protonic conduction in section 12.1.2, it can definitely be seen that overall conduction in gum Arabica belongs to the aforementioned category. The nature of the mentioned conductivity is analyzed from a.c. conduction. In the microscopic level mechanism in the solid, there is a particular pair of states between which jumps take place which are influenced by the electric field. A dielectric material of natural type gum containing permanent dipole moment g, when sandwiched between two plane parallel electrodes of area A, separation d, the conductivity a and dielectric constant e are connected to conductance G and capacitance C by <7 = G (d/A) and = C (d/Eg A). In the absence of an external electric field, dipoles are oriented at random and possess only electronic polarizability in the field direction. 

The Leaching of Free Phosphoric Acid and Membrane Permanent Proton Conductivity... 

The permanent proton conductivity of the PA-PBI-based membranes was investigated on membranes subjected to accelerated leaching in order to completely remove the fraction of the free acid. Such tests were carried out by means of washing steps of the doped membranes in water-methanol mixtures at 80 °C for several days. Quantitative determinations of H3PO4 released in the water baths were carried out by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses and/or proper titration procedures. 

By taking into account such a chemical richness, in the recent years, we synthesized polybenzimidazoles with a properly tailored basicity, simply by playing with the number of the nitrogen atoms in the monomer and their distribution along the polymer backbone. Our basic aim was to reduce the acid leaching, to favour the proton transport and, finally, to enhance the permanent conductivity by increasing the acid-base interactions between the... 

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