Proton bombardments, isotope yields

Figure I. Calculated isotope yields from proton bombardments with incident beam energy. No is predicted.

Precision measurements of hyperfine structure and isotope shifts yield information on nuclear spins, quadrapole moments, and nuclear deformations. The results of these experiments allow tests of nuclear models of the spatial distribution of protons and neutrons in highly deformed nuclei [467]. In Fig. 4.8 the hyperfine spectra of different Na isotopes are depicted, which had been produced by spallation of aluminum nuclei by proton bombardment according to the reaction Al(/ , 3p,xn) Na [468] and in Fig. 4.29 the hfs of 6 isotopes of the titanium ion H+ illustrates the good signal-to-noise ratio. Such precision measurements have been performed in several laboratories for different families of isotopes [466-469]. 

Bombardment of natural copper (isotopes 63 and 65 with protons yields isotope A, together with a fourth zinc isotope, D, a K eapturer. Bombardment of natural gallium, (isotopes 69 and 71) with energetic deutcrons yields B, but not A, C, or D. 

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