Proteome Maps Order or Chaos

When the manuscript was submitted to the Journal of Proteome Research, the authors received a one-sentence report This paper will be highly cited. This very positive evaluation has probably been awarded to this manuscript because this was the first time that a /-shaped dose response curve was reported at the cellular level for data coming from a single cell. Honnesis, the nonlinear dose response curve, which shows that at very small concentrations even a toxic substance can potentially be beneficial, has been observed and known for some time to hold for whole 

We may add that chaos, chaotic phenomena, and chaotic behavior are not so uncommon in science and have received the attention of mathematicians and scientists, people such as Henri Poincare, Jacques Hadamard, George David Birkoff, Andrei Nikolaevich Komogorov, John Edensor Littlewood, Stephen Smale, and Edward Lorenz. According to Lorenz, chaos can be defined as [51] 

Chaos When the present determines the future, but the approximate present does not 

The ability to see order in chaos has won the mathematician Yakov G. Sinai the 2014 Abel Prize. The Prize, named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel, is awarded annually by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and is viewed by many as on par with the Nobel Prize. 

Chaos is something we see all around us every day. The weather, the fluctuations of the stock market, the eddies in our coffee as we stir in the milk, even the arrival times of buses display an unpredictability we would term chaotic. Yet, as mathematicians including Sinai have shown, it s possible to get some grip on chaotic systems by understanding their overall behavior. 

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