Protein tyrosine kinases intracellular calcium concentration

Fig. 11.1 Activation of MAPK pathway by Angll and ET-1 in VSMC. Stimulation of Angll and ET-1 receptors through Gq/n activation enhances the activity of PLCp. Activated PLC 3 converts PIP2 to IP3 and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 elevates the concentration of intracellular calcium and DAG activates PKC. PKC and/or Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) activate nonreceptor (NR) and/or receptor (R) protein tyrosine kinases. Activation of these components signals the stimulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERKl/2 and p70 s6k. ERK1/2 and p70 s6k are translocated to nucleus and regulate nuclear events by activating transcription factors through phosphorylation.

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