Protein mode of action and pharmacodynamics

Chimaeric and humanized antibodies Rendering murine antibodies more human in sequence, thereby decreasing their immunogenicity and increasing their serum half-life 13 

Engineered tPA Increasing serum half-life, allowing administration by a single i.v. injection as opposed to infusion over 90 min 12 

Fast-acting insulins Amino acid substitutions generate products that enter the bloodstream more quickly from the site of injection, facilitating product co-administration with a meal rather than administration 30-45 min prior to a meal 11 

PEGylated interferons Covalent attachment of PEG increases interferon half-life from 3 h to some 24 h, thereby generating a product whose dosage schedule requires once-weekly as opposed to daily administration 8 

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