Protein kinase A activation

Protein kinase A activation usually promotes, whereas protein kinase C activation retards, apoptosi.s. 

Ohuchi Y, Katayama Y, Maeda M (2001) Fluorescence-based sensing of protein kinase A activity using the dual fluorescent-labeled peptide. Anal Sci 17 il465—i 1467... 

Zhang, J., Ma, Y., Taylor, S. S. and Tsien, R. Y. (2001). Genetically encoded reporters of protein kinase A activity reveal impact of substrate tethering. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 14997-5002. 

The final step in signal transduction is the action of cAMP on the regulatory subunit of the enzyme, protein kinase A. This ubiquitous enzyme then phosphorylates and activates enzymes with functions specific to different cells and organs. In fat cells, protein kinase A activates lipase, which mobilizes fatty acids in muscle and liver cells, it regulates glycogenolysis and glycogen synthesis. 

Decreased protein kinase A activity favors dephosphorylation of PFK-2/FBP-2 complex. 

Batchelor M, Schenk JO (1998) Protein kinase A activity may kinetically upregulate the striatal transporter for dopamine. J Neurosci 18 10304-9 Baumann PA, Waldmeier PC (1981) Further evidence for negative feedback control of serotonin release in the central nervous system. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Arch Pharmacol 317 36 13 Bean AJ, During MJ, Roth RH (1990) Effects of dopamine autoreceptor stimulation on the release of colocalized transmitters in vivo release of dopamine and neurotensin from rat prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett 108 143-8... 

Cunha RA, Sebastiao AM, Ribeiro JA (1998) Inhibition by ATP of hippocampal synaptic transmission requires localized extracellular catabolism by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine and channelling to adenosine Ai receptors. J Neurosci 18 1987-95 Cunha RA, Ribeiro JA (2000a) Purinergic modulation of [3H]GABA release from rat hippocampal nerve terminals. Neuropharmacology 39 1156-67 Cunha RA, Ribeiro JA (2000b) Adenosine A2a receptor facilitation of synaptic transmission in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus requires protein kinase C but not protein kinase A activation. Neurosci Lett 289 127-30... 

Liu, X., Callaerts-Vegh, Z., Evans, K.L., and Bond, R.A. 2002. Chronic infusion of p-adrenoceptor antagonist and inverse agonists decreases elevated protein kinase A activity in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of human P2-adrenoceptor. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 40 448 155. 

Protein kinase A activates phosphorylase kinase, which in turn activates glycogen phosphorylase. What activates protein kinase A What is the signal that ultimately triggers an increase in glycogen breakdown ... 

Multiple phosphorylation. Protein kinase A activates muscle phosphorylase kinase by rapidly phosphorylating its P subunits. The a subunits of phosphorylase kinase are then slowly phosphorylated, which makes the a and P subunits susceptible to the action of protein phosphatase 1. What is the functional significance of the slow phosphorylation of a ... 

Ledoux, S-, Dussaule, J.-C., Chatziantoniou, C-, ArdaiOou, N., Vandermeersch, S., and Ardaillou, R, (1997). Protein kinase A activity modulates natriuretic pepiide-depqndenl cGMP accumulation in renal ceils. Aw. /. Physio . 272, C82-C89. 

Protein Kinase A activated PKA myosin light chain kinase... 

Gorner, W., Durchschlag, E., Martinez-Pastor, M.T., et al. 1998. Nuclear localization of the C2H2 zinc finger protein Msn2p is regulated by stress and protein kinase A activity. Genes Development 12 586-597. 

Marchler, G., Schuller, C., Adam, G., and Ruis, H. 1993. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae UAS element controlled by protein kinase A activates transcription in response to a variety of stress conditions. EMBO J. 12, 1997-2003. 

Tedisamil is a bradycardic agent because of its ability to inhibit transient outward current (7,o) in atria. Tedisamil inhibits 7,o, potassium current (7k), 7k(atp). and the protein kinase A-activated chloride channel in ventricles, as well as vascular 7k and Ca -activated 7k (7K(Ca))-As compared with atenolol, tedisamil produced a prolongation of the QTc interval (4-31 versus 8 ms) at initial values of 0.408 0.018 seconds with the PQ and QRS intervals remaining unaltered. In patients with stable angina, tedisamil (100 mg twice daily) as compared with atenolol (50 mg twice daily) generated similar hemodynamic, neurohumoral, and anti-ischemic effects." ... 

Ahn JH, McAvoy T, RakhUin SV et al (2007) Protein kinase A activates protein phosphatase 2A by phosphorylation of the B56delta subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 2979-2984... 

Effector A small molecule that regulates the function of a protein cAMP is a positive effector of CAP transcription-factor function and protein kinase A activity. 

Lazennec, G., Canaple, L., Saugy, D., and Wahli, W. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) by their ligands and protein kinase A activators. Mol Endocrinol 14 (2000) 1962-1975. 

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