Prostaglandins related eicosanoids

Stanley-Samuelson, D., The biological significance of prostaglandins and related eicosanoids in invertebrates, Am. Zool., 34, 589, 1994. 

Activation of phospholipase A2, which releases arachi-donic acid and thus initiates synthesis of prostaglandins and related eicosanoide mediators. Again, we will see more about this in a dedicated chapter. 

Thromboxanes and and prostaglandins are eicosanoids that are derived from a common pathway (Figure 19.30), whereas the related leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid via a different pathway. 

Stanley-Samuelson DW, Pedibhotla VK. (1996) What can we learn from prostaglandins and related eicosanoids in insects Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 26 223-234. 

Curtis-Prior, P.B. (1988) Prostaglandins Biology and Chemistry of Prostaglandins and Related Eicosanoids, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 

Yamamoto, S. (1988) Characterization of Enzymes in Prostanoid Synthesis, in Prostaglandins Biology and Chemistry of Prostaglandins and Related Eicosanoids (Curtis-Prior, P.B., ed.) pp. 37-51, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 

The two main cyclooxygenase enzymes, the constitutive COXl and inflammation-induced COX2, are primarily involved in the conversion of ARA to prostaglandins and related eicosanoids. However, in the presence of aspirin these enzymes behave differently. Although aspirin acetylates the active site serine of both COXl and COX2, only COXl becomes completely inhibited by aspirin. Despite being unable... 

Stanley-Samuelson, D.W. (1994) Prostaglandins and related eicosanoids in insects. Adv. Insect Physiol. 24,115-212... 

Prostaglandins, together with related compounds called thromboxanes and leukotrienes, make up a class of compounds called eicosanoids because they are derived biologically7 from 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, or arachidonic... 

Foegh, M.L. and Ramwell, P.W., The eicosanoids prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and related compounds, in Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 8th ed., Katzung, B.G., Ed., Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001, chap. 18. 

Acetylsalicylic acid and related non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) selectively inhibit the cyclooxygenase activity of prostaglandin synthase [2] and consequently the synthesis of most eicosanoids. This explains their analgesic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic effects. Frequent side effects of NSAIDs also result from inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis. For example, they impair hemostasis because the synthesis of thromboxanes by thrombocytes is inhibited. In the stomach, NSAIDs increase HCl secretion and at the same time inhibit the formation of protective mucus. Long-term NSAID use can therefore damage the gastric mucosa. 

For a detailed account see CRC Handbook of Eicosanoids Prostaglandins and Related Lipids, Lewis, A. L. ed CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1987. 

Chapter 18 The Eicosanoids Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, Related Compounds... 

THE EICOSANOIDS PROSTAGLANDINS, THROMBOXANES, LEUKOTRIENES, RELATED COMPOUNDS INTRODUCTION... 

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