Projectile screening

Here we will focus the attention on atomic treatments of the energy-transfer process. Thus, we will not consider solid-state effects such as intra-band transitions, collective excitations (bulk and surface plasmons) and the corresponding dynamic projectile screening. 

Deviations from Rutherford cross-sections are also found for heavy projectiles at lower impact energies, when the projectile can bind inner shell electrons which screen the nuclear charge. These deviations are usually small and can easily be taken into account by use of a theoretical correction [3.160]. 

The evaluation of the I K) term in Eq. (38) beeomes inereasingly difficult for more complex target and projectile systems. This encouraged the development of a phenomenological approach for use with such systems. In the method proposed by Toburen et al. [71], one considers the screening of the projectile by its bound electrons as a function of the distance R from the nucleus as... 

Chemical Gun, Howitzer Recoilless Rifle Shells Artillery projectiles filled with one or several chemical compds designed to produce either casualties such as CWA s), fires(such as incendiaries) or to screen certain areas from view(such as smoke-producing compns). Shells contg smoke compns used for signalling... 

The independent-electron approximation allows for a distinction of target electrons and projectile-centered electrons which screen the projectile... 

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