Progesterone structure

Therapeutic Function Progestin Chemical Name 9/3,10a pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione Common Name lOo-isopregnenone 6-dehydro-retro-progesterone Structural Formula ... 

How are testosterone and progesterone structurally similar How are they different ... 

Williams PA, Cosine J, Vinkovic DM et al (2004) Crystal structures of human cytochrome P450 3A4 bound to metyrapone and progesterone. Science 305 683-686... 

Sex Steroid Receptors Androgen Receptor, Estrogen Receptors, Progesterone Receptor. Figure 1 Schematic structures of AR, ERa, ER(3, and PR. 

Corpus luteum The small yellow endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen. 

Ethylene vinyl acetate has also found major applications in drug delivery. These copolymers used in drug release normally contain 30-50 wt% of vinyl acetate. They have been commercialized by the Alza Corporation for the delivery of pilocarpine over a one-week period (Ocusert) and the delivery of progesterone for over one year in the form of an intrauterine device (Progestasert). Ethylene vinyl acetate has also been evaluated for the release of macromolecules such as proteins. The release of proteins form these polymers is by a porous diffusion and the pore structure can be used to control the rate of release (3). Similar nonbiodegradable polymers such as the polyurethanes, polyethylenes, polytetrafluoroethylene and poly(methyl methacrylate) have also been used to deliver a variety of different pharmaceutical agents usually as implants or removal devices. 

FIGURE 4.19 Structures of the CYP3A4 substrates, metyrapone and progesterone. 

There are six crystal structures reported in the Protein Data Bank two without ligand (ltqnand IwOe), one cocrystallized with progesterone (7) (IwOf), one with mytrapone (8) (IwOg), one with ketoconazole (9) (2j0c) and one with erythromycin (10) (2j0d). 

Oestradiol and progesterone regulate the structural and functional changes in oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina that occur during the menstrual cycle. They provide conditions in the oviduct for the upward motility of sperm, and the downward movement of ova, and also conditions favourable for fertilisation in the oviduct and implantation in the uterus. Another effect is to stimulate vaginal secretions. 

If fertilisation does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses and the levels of oestrogen and progesterone fall. However, if fertilisation does occur, the corpus luteum is maintained. Regression of the corpus luteum is prevented by the implanting blastocyst which secretes a hormone, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). This occurs about a week after fertilisation. The structure of this hormone is similar to that of LH and it takes on the role of LH in maintenance of the corpus luteum. To do this, it binds to the LH receptor... 

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