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Distribution product

The product distribution of hydrocarbons formed during the Fischer-Tropsch process follows an Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution (Spath and Dayton, 2003)  [Pg.724]

W is the weight fraction of hydrocarbon molecules containing n carbon atoms [Pg.724]

In general, a is largely determined by the catalyst and the specific process conditions. [Pg.724]

It has been proposed that zeolites or other catalyst snbstrates with fixed sized pores can restrict the formation of hydrocarbons longer than some characteristic size (usually n 10). This would tend to drive the reaction to minimnm methane formation without producing the waxy prodncts. [Pg.724]


However, before extrapolating the arguments from the gross patterns through the reactor for homogeneous reactions to solid-catalyzed reactions, it must be recognized that in catalytic reactions the fluid in the interior of catalyst pellets may diSer from the main body of fluid. The local inhomogeneities caused by lowered reactant concentration within the catalyst pellets result in a product distribution different from that which would otherwise be observed. [Pg.48]

Specifications for density, distillation curve and viscosity shown above are for products distributed in temperate climates. Other limits are required for arctic regions, particularly the Scandinavian countries. See Tables 5.13 and 5.14. [Pg.214]

The European specifications require a minimum cetane number of 49 for the temperate climatic zones and the French automotive manufacturers require at least 50 in their own specifications. The products distributed in France and Europe are usually in the 48-55 range. Nevertheless, in most Scandinavian countries, the cetane number is lower and can attain 45-46. This situation is taken into account in the specifications for the arctic zone (Table 5.14). In the United States and Canada, the cetane numbers for diesel fuels are most often less than 50. [Pg.218]

Fission product distribution Radioactive waste activity distribution... [Pg.602]

Figure C2.3.9. Product distribution of dissymmetrical ketone photolysis as influenced by cefyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) micelles. The initial ketone, A(CO)B is photolysed to lose the carbonyl group and to produce tliree products, AA, AB and BB. These data are for benzyl (A) 4-methylbenzyl (B) ketone. Product AA is 1,2-diphenylethane, product BB is 1,2-ditolylethane and product AB is l-phenyl-2-tolyl-ethane. At low CTAC concentration, in the absence of micelles, a random distribution of products is obtained. In the presence of micelles, however, the AB product is heavily favoured. Adapted with pennission from 1571. Figure C2.3.9. Product distribution of dissymmetrical ketone photolysis as influenced by cefyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) micelles. The initial ketone, A(CO)B is photolysed to lose the carbonyl group and to produce tliree products, AA, AB and BB. These data are for benzyl (A) 4-methylbenzyl (B) ketone. Product AA is 1,2-diphenylethane, product BB is 1,2-ditolylethane and product AB is l-phenyl-2-tolyl-ethane. At low CTAC concentration, in the absence of micelles, a random distribution of products is obtained. In the presence of micelles, however, the AB product is heavily favoured. Adapted with pennission from 1571.
A more demanding dynamical study aimed to rationalize the product distribution in photochemical cycloaddition, looking at butadiene-butadiene [82]. A large number of products are possible, with two routes on the excited Si state leading back to channels on the ground state. The results are promising, as the MMVB dynamics find the major products found experimentally. They also... [Pg.303]

Let us illustrate this with the example of the bromination of monosubstituted benzene derivatives. Observations on the product distributions and relative reaction rates compared with unsubstituted benzene led chemists to conceive the notion of inductive and resonance effects that made it possible to explain" the experimental observations. On an even more quantitative basis, linear free energy relationships of the form of the Hammett equation allowed the estimation of relative rates. It has to be emphasized that inductive and resonance effects were conceived, not from theoretical calculations, but as constructs to order observations. The explanation" is built on analogy, not on any theoretical method. [Pg.170]

Reaction Relative rate hffks Product distribution ... [Pg.140]

TABLE 1-56. TYPICAL PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION OF THE DECOMPOSITION AT 100°C OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (0.02 MOLE) IN THIAZOLE (I MOLE) (397)... [Pg.110]

TABLE 1-58. PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION OF THE REACTION AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES OF 2-METHYLTHlAZOLE (157) WITH BUTYL-LITHIUM FOLLOWED BY QUENCHING WITH DjS04 (441). [Pg.120]

The more stable (E) alkenyl radical m which the alkyl groups R and R are trans to each other is formed faster than its Z stereoisomer Steps 3 and 4 which follow are fast and the product distribution is determined by the E-Z ratio of radicals produced m step 2... [Pg.377]

Partial rate factors may be used to estimate product distributions in disubstituted benzene derivatives The reactivity of a particular position in o bromotoluene for example is given by the product of the partial rate factors for the corresponding position in toluene and bromobenzene On the basis of the partial rate factor data given here for Fnedel-Crafts acylation predict the major product of the reaction of o bromotoluene with acetyl chlonde and aluminum chloride... [Pg.517]

Sasol produces synthetic fuels and chemicals from coal-derived synthesis gas. Two significant variations of this technology have been commercialized, and new process variations are continually under development. Sasol One used both the fixed-bed (Arge) process, operated at about 240°C, as weU as a circulating fluidized-bed (Synthol) system operating at 340°C. Each ET reactor type has a characteristic product distribution that includes coproducts isolated for use in the chemical industry. Paraffin wax is one of the principal coproducts of the low temperature Arge process. Alcohols, ketones, and lower paraffins are among the valuable coproducts obtained from the Synthol process. [Pg.164]

Table 2. Approximate Product Distribution from Sasol Two ... Table 2. Approximate Product Distribution from Sasol Two ...
Fig. 5. The effect of temperature on product distribution in VPO of butane with air. Fig. 5. The effect of temperature on product distribution in VPO of butane with air.
Effect of Pressure. The effect of pressure in VPO has not been extensively studied but is informative. The NTC region and cool flame phenomena are associated with low pressures, usually not far from atmospheric. As pressure is increased, the production of olefins is suppressed and the NTC region disappears (96,97). The reaction rate also increases significantly and, therefore, essentially complete oxygen conversion can be attained at lower temperatures. The product distribution shifts toward oxygenated materials that retain the carbon skeleton of the parent hydrocarbon. [Pg.340]

Propane. The VPO of propane [74-98-6] is the classic case (66,89,131—137). The low temperature oxidation (beginning at ca 300°C) readily produces oxygenated products. A prominent NTC region is encountered on raising the temperature (see Fig. 4) and cool flames and oscillations are extensively reported as compHcated functions of composition, pressure, and temperature (see Fig. 6) (96,128,138—140). There can be a marked induction period. Product distributions for propane oxidation are given in Table 1. [Pg.341]

Catalysts and Promoters. The function of catalysts in LPO is not weU understood. Perhaps they are not really catalysts in the classical sense because they do not necessarily speed up the reaction (25). They do seem to be able to alter relative rates and thereby affect product distributions, and they can shorten induction periods. The basic function in shortening induction periods appears to be the decomposition of peroxides to generate radicals (eq. 33). [Pg.342]

Attempts have been made to develop methods for the production of aromatic isocyanates without the use of phosgene. None of these processes is currently in commercial use. Processes based on the reaction of carbon monoxide with aromatic nitro compounds have been examined extensively (23,27,76). The reductive carbonylation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene [121 -14-2] to toluene 2,4-diaLkylcarbamates is reported to occur in high yield at reaction temperatures of 140—180°C under 6900 kPa (1000 psi) of carbon monoxide. The resultant carbamate product distribution is noted to be a strong function of the alcohol used. Mitsui-Toatsu and Arco have disclosed a two-step reductive carbonylation process based on a cost effective selenium catalyst (22,23). [Pg.454]

These variations permit the separation of other components, if desired. Additional data on uranium, plutonium, and nitric acid distribution coefficients as a function of TBP concentration, solvent saturation, and salting strength are available (24,25). Algorithms have also been developed for the prediction of fission product distributions in the PUREX process (23). [Pg.205]

Amines or ammonia replace activated halogens on the ting, but competing pyridyne [7129-66-0] (46) formation is observed for attack at 3- and 4-halo substituents, eg, in 3-bromopyridine [626-55-1] (39). The most acidic hydrogen in 3-halopyridines (except 3-fluoropyridine) has been shown to be the one in the 4-position. Hence, the 3,4-pyridyne is usually postulated to be an intermediate instead of a 2,3-pyridyne. Product distribution (40% (33) and 20% (34)) tends to support the 3,4-pyridyne also. [Pg.329]

The product distribution appears to depend on the radiation used for quinone excitation, the structure of the quinone, and the quinone—alkene ratio. In the example cited, l,4-ben2oquinone gives only the spirooxetane, whereas chlorarul gives both products in amounts related to the ratio of starting materials... [Pg.409]


See other pages where Distribution product is mentioned: [Pg.231]    [Pg.812]    [Pg.2185]    [Pg.2593]    [Pg.2594]    [Pg.2935]    [Pg.2937]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.176]    [Pg.176]    [Pg.262]    [Pg.455]    [Pg.455]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.449]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.365]    [Pg.366]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.341]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.439]    [Pg.214]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.200]   
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2- Methylpentane product distribution

A review of measured product energy distributions for some simple chemical reactions

Acetylene pyrolysis product distribution

Acid Strength Requirements for Product Control and Influence of Spatial Distribution on Selectivity

Activation energies product distribution

Activity size distributions of the radon product decay aerosols

Alkyl hydroperoxides product distribution

Allyl alcohol product distribution

Anderson-Schulz-Flory product distribution

Angular distribution of product ions

Angular distribution of products

Angular distributions dissociation products

Angular product distributions

Bimodal product distributions

Bimodal product energy distribution

Boiling point distributions, liquid products

Boltzmann equilibrium distribution production

Branch distribution production

CH3I+ product energy distribution

Calculation of product distribution

Canonical product energy distribution

Carbocations on surfaces product distribution from reaction

Carbon dioxide reduction product distribution

Carbon number distribution pyrolysis products

Catalytic activity product distribution

Catalytic cracking, general product distribution

Cobalt catalysts, product distribution

Cracked products, distribution

Cracking product distributions, role

Crushing product size distribution

Curtin product distribution

Cycloalkanes product distributions

Cyclobutanes, isomerization, product distributions

Cyclohexane oxidation product distribution

Decane, cracking product distribution

Degradation product distribution from

Degradative product distribution

Degradative product distribution assessment

Delivered Product Size Distribution and Morphology

Depolymerization products, hydrogen distribution

Design Specification for Pure Steam Production and Distribution

Design Specifications for Purified Water (DIW) Production and Distribution

Different product distributions in the

Differential cross sections product state distributions

Distributed production

Distributed production

Distribution in Food Products

Distribution of entropy production

Distribution of excitation between the reaction products

Distribution of oxidation products

Distribution of reaction products over internal energy states

Distribution, production and uses

Droplet size distribution, nasal product

Effect of temperature on product distribution

Effect on product distributions and

Energy Distribution in Products of Ion-Molecule Reactions

Energy distribution in products

Energy-distribution product

Enzymes product distribution from

Exothermic reactions product distributions

Fischer product distribution

Fischer-Tropsch reaction product distribution

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis production distribution

Fischer—Tropsch synthesis product distribution

Fission Product Charge Distributions

Fission Product Distributions

Fission Product Mass Distributions

Flash pyrolysis product distribution

Flory equation, product distributions

Flory product distributions

Fluid catalytic cracking product distribution

Fluid cracking product distribution

Gaussian distribution uncertainty product

General tactical production-distribution problems

Good distribution practices for pharmaceutical products

HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts product distribution

Hydrocarbon product distribution

Hydrocracking product distribution

Hydroformylation product distribution

Hydroformylation reactions product distribution

Hydrogen product distributions, role

Hydrogen sustainable distributed production

Hydrogen, distributed production

Hydrogenation product distribution

Hydrogenolysis product distribution

Isomer distribution product

Isomerization product distributions

Kinetic control of product distribution

Kinetic product distribution

Kinetic product distribution activation energy

Kinetic product distribution altering

Kinetic product distribution anticipating

Kinetic product distribution improving

Kinetic product distribution rationalizing

Kinetic product distribution relationship

Laser diagnostics, of reaction product energy distributions

Lead compound production distribution

Liquid products PONA distributions

Metabolic product, label distribution

Methanol distributed production

Milling products, distribution

Model Predicting Energy Requirement and Product Size Distribution

Modification of Product Distribution

Molecular mass distribution in products of radical polymerizations

Molecular mass distribution of the product

Molecular weight distribution product design

Non-Flory product distributions

Nonstatistical product distribution

Normalized hydrocarbon product distribution

Nuclear fission product mass distribution

Observation of water production, temperatures, and current density distributions

Overall Product Distribution

Oxidation isobutane product distribution

Oxidation isoprene product distribution

Oxidation toluene product distribution

PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS

Parallel reactions product distribution

Partial differential cross section product state distributions

Photodissociation correlated product state distributions

Polyethylene oxidation products, distribution

Polymerization product distribution

Polyolefins product distribution

Polyurethanes product distribution

Population density distribution of mixed product

Prediction of the Product Size Distribution

Primary production distribution

Primary production global distribution

Primary productivity global distribution

Primary productivity phytoplankton, global distribution

Probing the product state distribution of a chemical reaction

Product Distribution in Multiple Reactions

Product Distribution in Preparative Electrolysis

Product Distribution in a CSTR

Product Distribution under Steady-State Conditions

Product Distributions in PFRs and BRs

Product coal particle-size distribution

Product distribution Yield

Product distribution analysis

Product distribution calculation

Product distribution for

Product distribution fractional

Product distribution material

Product distribution of pyrolysis

Product distribution operations

Product distribution quantum states

Product distribution reforming

Product distribution rhodium catalysis

Product distribution rotation

Product distribution vs. gel

Product distribution vs. temperature for

Product distribution vs. time

Product distribution, thiophene

Product distributions enthalpy changes

Product distributions reaction channels

Product energy distribution heat bath

Product energy distribution impulsive model

Product energy distribution prior

Product energy distribution trajectory studies

Product fuels distribution

Product kinetic energy distributions

Product kinetic energy release distributions

Product life cycle distribution

Product particle size distribution

Product particle size distribution attrition

Product particle size distribution population balance

Product particle size distribution prediction

Product recoil energy distribution

Product removal, crystal size distribution

Product size distribution

Product stale distribution

Product state distribution

Product state distribution electronic

Product state distribution radiation

Product state distribution rotational

Product state distribution vibrational

Product variety distribution network design

Product velocity distribution

Production and Spatial Distribution of Nitric Oxide from Nuclear Explosions

Production distribution, intermediate

Production distribution, intermediate final

Production, Uses, Waste Products, Recycling, Distribution in the Environment

Products angular distribution spectroscopy

Products distribution intensive

Propane product distributions

Properties Related to Storage and Distribution of Petroleum Products

Propylene product distribution

Pulmonary Distribution of VIP Gene Products

Pyrolysis product distribution

Radon decay products distributions

Radon decay products modeling size distributions

Reaction product energy distributions

Reaction products sulfur distribution

Reactor types product distribution affected

Regional distribution of energy production in

Residence time distribution product yield

Rotational product distribution

Rotational product distribution prior

Ruthenium complex catalysts product distribution

Ruthenium product distribution over

Schulz-Flory product distributions

Single hydroxides, product distribution

Size distribution radon decay products

Structure product distribution

Styrene copolymers product distribution

Substitution, electrophilic predicting product distributions

Temperature and product distribution

The Distribution of Products Depends On Probability and Reactivity

Thermal cracking, product distribution

Thermodynamic control of product distribution

Toluene alkylation product distribution

Unimolecular reaction product distribution

Unimolecular reaction rates and products quantum states distribution

Velocity distribution of products (

Velocity distribution product recoil

Vibrational and rotational product state distributions

Vibrational product distributions

Water rotational product distributions

Weight feed flow rate/product distribution

Wholesale Distribution of Medicinal Products

Workshop 5.4 Case Study to Vary RON and Product Distribution Profile

Yield, fractional Product distribution Selectivity

Yields and product distributions

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