Probe susceptibility

Fig.6 (Color online) Imaginary and real parts of the probe susceptibility for all N-V color centers in diamond driven by a traveling-wave coupling with Qg = 20GHz and R =0. Black-solid and red-dashed curves refer to inhomogeneous Gaussian and Lorentzian profiles, respectively.

Advantages. The experiment can be carried out with a conventional fast-spuming MAS probe so that it is straightforward to implement. For recording the satellite transition lineshapes it offers better signal-to-noise and is less susceptible to deadtime effects than static measurements. As the effects differ for each value, a single satellite transition experiment is effectively the same as carrying out multiple field experiments on the central transition. 

Modtilus Measurements Another SCC test technique is the use of changes of modulus as a measure of the damping capacity of a metal. It is known that a sample of a given test material containing cracks will have a lower effec tive modulus than does a sample of identical material free of cracks. The technique provides a rapid and reliable evaluation of the susceptibility of a sample material to SCC in a specific environment. The so-called internal friction test concept can also be used to detect and probe nucleation and progress of cracking and the mechanisms controlling it. 

Conclusions drawn from kinetics are. however, no more tenuous than those from other areas of measurement, for example, infrared spectra or magnetic susceptibilities. Lewis1 has pointed out that the subject of reaction mechanisms deserves no special censure on this point. After all. many models or hypotheses in science that have been advanced to explain a set of observations have never been proved unequivocally. The best one can do is to be as inventive as possible in devising tests to probe all the assumptions. 

The significant improvements in sensitivity achieved during the last 5 years have been because of improved probe design and radiofrequency circuits. Since the probe needs to be located very close to the sample, it must be made of a material with a low magnetic susceptibility, for otherwise it would cause distortions of the static magnetic field thereby adversely affecting line shape and resolution. Much research has therefore been undertaken by NMR spectrometer manufacturers to develop materials that... 

Cryotherapy is a procedure used primarily for smaller, low-risk NMSCs with clearly defined margins. It involves delivering liquid nitrogen at subzero temperatures as a spray or with a supercooled metal probe to destroy the malignant tissue.5 It is contraindicated in metatypical or morpheaform BCC, in tumors that are invasive or recurrent, in hair-bearing skin that is susceptible to cryotherapy-induced alopecia, or in tumors with poorly defined borders. Cryotherapy is a cost-effective treatment that is easy for clinicians to deliver, but the recurrence rate is high with this procedure.5... 

The DCI probe is particularly attractive for samples that are susceptible to thermal decomposition, although it can equally well be used as a general means of introducing samples into the ionisation source, i.e. as an alternative to the direct insertion probe. The types of sample which benefit most from DCI probing are higher-molecular-weight, less-volatile compounds, organometallics, and any thermally sensitive compounds [40,67]. DCI is considered to be a soft ionisation technique. 

Si(Pc)0] (S04)o.09)n> i-s limited by the oxidative stability of the sulfate anion. Thermoelectric power, optical reflectivity, magnetic susceptibility, and four-probe electrical conductivity measurements evidence behavior typical of an [Si(PcP+)0]n compound where p 0.20. That is, there is no evidence that the more concentrated counterion charge has induced significant localization of the band structure. 

The term nonlinear optical property refers to an optical property, which can be modified by exposing the material to intense light irradiation. In this section, we focus on the cascaded first- (/ 1 ) and third-order ( / ) susceptibilities describing nonlinear absorption (ESA and 2PA) and nonlinear refraction (n2) processes. Z-scan, pump-probe, and two-photon upconverted fluorescence techniques are among the most used experimental methods for determining optical nonlinearities. 

Single-step perturbation methods have also been applied to electrostatic processes. One study probed the dielectric properties of several proteins at a microscopic level [41,42], Test charges were inserted at many different positions within or around each protein, and a dielectric relaxation free energy was computed, which is related to a microscopic dielectric susceptibility (see Sect. 12.3). 

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