Printing on carpet

The condensation products of aromatic sulfonic acids are used for dyeing and printings on nylon fibres, especially for the after treatment of carpets, to improve their wet fasmess by up to about two ratings. Their common name is syntan, derived from synthetic tannin . Figure 13.3 shows typical structures of syntans... 

An auxiliary for use in the continuous dyeing and printing of carpet. PROGALAN VF will help promote level, non-frosty dyeing on nylon carpet. 

The PBDEs (decaBDE, octaBDE, and pentaBDE) and are used as flame retardants in plastics, electronic equipment, printed circuit boards, vehicles, furniture, textiles, carpets, and building materials. Global demand has increased rapidly since the 1970s with 70,000 tonnes produced in 2001. Their flame retardant activity relies on decomposition at high temperatures, leading to the release of bromine atoms. This slows the chemical reactions that drive 02-dependent fires. HBCDs are a flame retardant added to extruded and expanded polystyrene that is used as thermal insulation in buildings. 

The dyeing of polypropylene fibers, being an item of research for decades, is successfully accomplished with partially stearate-modified hyperbranched polyesteramides. The long alkyl chains ensure compatibility with the polypropylene matrix. The mixing-in of hyperbranched polyesteramides via extrusion affected neither the melt spinning process nor the final polypropylene fiber properties. The modified fibers are dyeable under standard conditions as are, e.g., polyesters or cotton. They can even be used for printing for example a picture pattern on a polypropylene carpet. 

Recently methods were developed for computer-controlled ink-jet printing [16, 17], Production speed is still low (less than 20 m/min). On the product side, no problems arise with soluble dyes. However, disperse dyes and pigments must be very finely distributed to avoid blocking of the jets. Ink-jet processes are already well established in carpet printing (space dyeing). 

Printing involves transferring patterns to the surface of fabrics and carpets by screen printing systems, either on a flat bed or on rollers. Dye fixation is carried out by steaming or baking followed by washing to remove surplus dye and thickness. 

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