Presses basket

In fact, the pace of knowledge development in the field of hydrogen and fuel cells is so rapid that about half the content of this book is based on material less than a year old (as of the time of writing) and often not even published or found in the "in press" basket of the scientific journal publishers. It has been a pleasure to work with this extremely fresh material from the desks of my colleagues. New techniques have enabled specific investigations to be performed along with the book writing that would have been impossible 5-10 years ago. 

In the true gravity case, pumps are not used. If, however, the liquid is highly viscous, to achieve efficient operation, pumps are required to force the fluid through the pressure filters. The pump can be considered essentially as a press with a plate-and-frame filter. The plate-and-frame filter consists of a series ot frames over which the filter medium is stretched. A centrifugal basket of fine mesh is another method of particulate removal. 

Filtrier-erde, /. filtering earth. -flMche, /. filtering surface or area, -flasche, /. filtering flask, -gestell, n. filter stand, -hut, m. (paper) filtering funnel, -kessel, m. filtering boiler, -konus, m. filter cone, -korb, m. filtering basket, -nutsche, /. suction filter, -papier, n. filter paper, -papierstreifen, m. strip of filter paper, -platte, /. filter plate, -presse, /. filter press, -pumpe, /. filter... 

Grant, J. (1954), Materials of ancient textiles and baskets, in Singer, C. (ed.), History of Technology, Vol. 1, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK. 

When an aqueous slurry is filtered in a plate and frame press, fitted with two 50 mm thick frames each 150 mm square, operating with a pressure difference of 350 kN/m2, the frames are filled in 3600 s (1 h). How long will it take to produce the same volume of filtrate as is obtained from a single cycle when using a centrifuge with a perforated basket, 300 mm diameter and 200 mm deep The radius of the inner surface of the slurry is maintained constant at 75 mm and the speed of rotation is 65 Hz (3900 rpm). 

An extrusion is comprised of a basket (cylinder) to contain the mix and a hydraulically actuated piston to press the mass through multiple extrusion dies. The baskets are jacketed for temperature control and contain internal screens to retain large agglomerates. Since the casting powder strands are unperforated, the dies are simple cylindrical barrels with conical lead-in sections. Extrusion rates are normally controlled by orifices in the hydraulic supply line however, constant-rate positive displacement devices are also used. As they extrude, the strands are collected separately in suitable containers. 

Extrusion parameters, such as basket temperature, extrusion rate, and die design, can be adjusted to suit a particular formulation and granule size. This is an empirical process based on experience. Extrusion characteristics represent an intimate interplay between press parameters and dough properties, the latter predominating. What is wanted is maximum production rate of a smooth, dense, homogeneous strand of these qualities, smoothness is perhaps most sensitive to extrusion conditions. 

In the North Coast, four basic types of presses are used horizontal basket presses, vertical basket presses, bladder presses, and continuous presses. They... 

Equipment used in pressing has shown considerable change in the last twenty years. Until 1960, most red pomace was pressed in vertical hydraulic basket presses. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Willmes-type pneumatic horizontal bag press as well as horizontal screw presses became popular. These were batch process operations. More recently, horizontal continuous screw presses preceded by an inclined dejuicer have appeared in the North Coast and will probably increase in popularity. They are designed to separate automatically different grades of press juice (Figure 5). 

For the production of white wine, it is almost universally accepted that a relatively clear juice of 0.5-2.0 percent suspended solids is desired for fermentation. This is achieved by separating the juice from the skins, pulp, and seeds. Many of the small wineries use a horizontal basket press to receive their fresh must. These presses utilize either an inflatable bladder or a movable piston to press the crushed grapes. In many cases, the must is pumped directly to these presses from the crusher-stemmer. An exception to this method of operation in small wineries is the case where skin contact is desired. Several wineries will allow maceration for from four hours to twenty-four hours for V. vinifera cultivars Chardonnay and Gewiirztraimer. 

The rack and frame press is a further development of the basket press. Rack and frame presses are commonly used on farms that process apples and pears. They are particularly suitable for mashes that are difficult to press. They give high yields and good juice quality with little suspended... 

Hydraulic horizontal basket presses - Bucher-Guyer system... 

The design of horizontal basket presses has major advantages over the earlier vertical basket presses. 

Mechanical horizontal basket press Hydro press... 

The fruit was crushed and destemmed, followed by a light pressing in a basket press (Californian fruit) or a water bag press (Australian fruit). The skins were stored separately from the expressed juice, with all material held frozen at less than -10°C. 

Kula, Measures and Men, p. 150. In Lower Burma in the 1920s and 30s, the landlord s paddy basket for receiving tenants rent in kind was nicknamed the cart-breaker" (James C. Scott, The Moral Economy of the Peasant Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia [New Haven Yale University Press, 1976], p. 71). 

A similar question likewise arose concerning the purification of wicker mats which were placed over grapes during wine pressing to keep them from scattering. The decision rendered by the rabbis was that if the baskets were made of hemp they could be used, provided they were thoroughly cleaned. However, if they were made of some other material, the rabbis ruled that they could not be employed in wine pressing until twelve months had elapsed since the time they were last used. 

Basic types of extruders include both screw extruders such as axial endplate, radial screen, and basket designs, as well as pelletization equipment described above, such as rotary cylinder or gear and ram or piston extruders (Fig. 21-136). See Newton [Powder Technology ana Pharm. Processes, Chulia et al. (eds.), Elsevier, 1994, p. 391]> Pietsch (Size Enlargement by Ag omeraUon, Wiley, 1992), and Benbow and Bridgwater (Paste Flow and Extrusion, Oxford University Press, 1993). 

Another continuous extrusion press that finds increasing but specialized application, mostly in the pharmaceutical industry, is the basket-type extruder (Figure 317). This type of equipment is similar to the radial discharge extruder except that material is fed into the extrusion zone by gravity... 

Tapioca%—The tubers, about 30 pounds in weight, of Manihot utilissima or Cassava in Brazil are washed, peeled, and pounded to pulp and pressed in baskets to wash out the starch. This is then heated on iron plates at a gentle heat to volatilize the hydrocyanic acid. The grains swell, burst, and-agglutinate. 

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