Preheating and the Startup of Reduction Cells

The preheating and startup of reduction cells are described in [10-12]. There are several methods of preheating, some of which are interesting from a retrospective point of view. The main methods are preheating with burners and electric resistance preheating (Table 2.1)  

preheating during anode bake (for Soderberg anode)  

electric resistance preheating (coke bed, shunted, with full current)  

thermal preheating (with oil burners, with gas burners, with electrical panels)  

2 Refractories and Carbon Cathode Materials fw Aluminium Reduction Cells 

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