Precious metal clays

Binders can also be used when metal powders are processed PMC is precious-metal clay. 

Two active species such as a free radical and a hydrated electron generated during y-irradiation were used in preparing polymer nanocomposites. Various polymer-clay nanocomposites using y-ray polymerization of the desired monomers can be prepared in a one-step process at room temperature and ambient pressure. The polymer-clay nanocomposites have enhanced moduK, decreased thermal expansion coefficients, reduced gas permeabiUty and increased ionic conductivity. Precious metals have been studied most extensively among polymer-metal nanocomposites and used as catalysts in sensors, photochromic and electrochromic devices and recording materials. Various functional groups can be introduced on the CNT surface by y-irradiation polymerization as a one-step process. The polymer-CNT nanocomposites can be used as supports to immobilize biomolecules in biosensors. 

In the alkylation section, it was stated that the immobilized ionic liquids can combine the advantage of green media with solid support materials, which may enable the wide apphcation of precious ionic hquids by the reduchon of usage and also realize the sustainability of the chemical reaction process. The supported ionic hquids (SlLs) catalysts commonly employ the supports such as the macroporous polymer, metal oxide (SiO, AI2O3, etc.), zeohte, clay, and achve carbon, and after the immobilization of the ionic hquids, the ionic hquids still maintain their special solvent effect. Presently, the immobilized ionic hquids have been applied extensively to the alkylation, acylation, hydroformylation, oxidation, esterihcation, hydrolyza-tion, hydrogenahon, and other unit reactions this part of the chapter only discusses the application of immobilized ionic hquids to the acylahon. 

Man knew of various aluminium compounds in very remote times. Clay and brick are nothing but usual aluminosilicates. Alumina (aluminium oxide) was a constant companion of man but many centuries were required to prove the presence of a new metal in it. Aluminium is one of the main components in such precious stones known from time immemorial as ruby and garnet, sapphire and turquoise. Alums were known for a very long time. In Latin they were named afumcn—the word which contained the root of the future aluminium . However, the composition of alums remained undetermined for a long time and they were often confused with other compounds. 

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