Precessing jets

The nozzle flux of angular momentum, Lq snd the flux of linear momentum Gq might be calculated as 

Instead of using swirl generators, another method of generating vortex shedding, which has been found to increase radiant heat transfer, is by precessing the jet stream. A precessing jet flow can be generated either by an axisymmetric nozzle which utilizes a natural fluid 

The exit lip at the nozzle exit then deflects the emerging eccentric jet so that it wobbles or precesses at a large angle to the nozzle axis (Nathan, Hill, and Luxton, 1998). The dimensionless Strouhal number of precession is defined as 

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Fig. 6.3. Scheme of registration of alignment in a supersonic jet through precession in a magnetic field B, acting along a path length L. 

Ito, K., Kobayashi, S., and Tokuda, M., "Mixing Characteristics of a Submerged Jet Measured Using an Isokinetic Sampling Probe", Metallurgical Transactions B (Precess Metallurgy), 22, 439 (1991). 

Cone-jet mode Oscillating-jet mode Precession mode Multi-jet mode Figure 10.5. Different formations of liquids under electrostatic fields [67]... 

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