Potential or voltage of an electrode

Between the electrode and the electrolyte a difference in potential exists, referred to as the absolute voltage of the electrode. In practice, we do not measure the potential of the electrode but rather a difference in potential in relation to a reference electrode defined during the phase of design and characterization of the 

If the system is at electrochemical equilibrium at standard pressure = 1 bar, the potential of the electrode with zero current is the reversible redox potential it . 

Consider a redox reaction during which n electrons are exchanged to form one mole of product [LAR 00]. Hence, the electrical charge exchanged is  

At standard pressnre, the voltage at the limits of the system being the standard 

If we consider that all of the Gibbs free energy is converted into electricity (when charging), or that all the electricity is converted into Gibbs free energy (when discharging), this means that the reaction is without loss, so  

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The electrochemical kinetic behavior described in Equations (27.19)-(27.21) are easily discernible and therefore provide a basis for diagnostics for the establishment of self-discharge mechanisms after recording the dependence of potential or voltage of an electrode or cell in an open-circuit voltage on time. The presence of... 

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