Post-hardening

Water is also a component of set AB cements. In glass-ionomer cements, for example, it may serve to coordinate to certain sites around the metal ions. It also hydrates the siliceous hydrogel that is formed from the glass after add attack has liberated the various metal ions (Wilson McLean, 1988). Such reactions continue long after the initial hardening of the cement is complete, and for this reason water must be retained as far as possible during the first hours and days after formation of the cement. If water is lost from the cement and desiccation occurs, these post-hardening... 

This highlights the significant potential of CVD-coafing and post hardening for forming tools. Two limitations should be mentioned. 

H. M. Anstice, J.W. Nicholson, Investigation of the post-hardening reaction in glass-ionomer cements based on poly(vinyl phosphonic acid), J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 6 (1995) 420-423. 

Cladding and backing metals are purchased in the appropriately heat-treated condition because corrosion resistance is retained through bonding. It is customary to supply the composites in the as-bonded condition because hardening usually does not affect the engineering properties. Occasionally, a post-bonding heat treatment is used to achieve properties required for specific combinations. 

In the post-dispersion process, the soHd phenoHc resin is added to a mixture of water, cosolvent, and dispersant at high shear mixing, possibly with heating. The cosolvent, frequently an alcohol or glycol ether, and heat soften the resin and permit small particles to form. On cooling, the resin particles, stabilized by dispersant and perhaps thickener, harden and resist settling and agglomeration. Both resole and novolak resins have been made by this process (25). 

This is probably rated as the most effective overall anti-estrogen available whether during or post cycle as well as for pre-contest overall hardening effects. 

If the host polymer does not have a high glass transition temperature then the structures of polymer and chromophore must be such that post-poling lattice hardening can be carried out to assure thermally stable electro-optic activity [2, 5,50,63,64,110,132-150]. 

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