Porphyria, metal induced

Woods, J.S., Southern, M.R. (1989). Studies on the etiology of trace metal-induced porphyria effects of porphyrinogenic metals on coproporphyrinogen oxidase in rat liver and kidney. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 91. 183-90. 

C. Mechanistic Basis of Metal-Induced Porphyria (Porphyrinuria)... 

Fig. 4. Mechanisms of trace metal-induced porphyria and cell injury i, metals promote increased reactive oxidant formation 2, metals complex with GSH, compromising antioxidant and thiol status 3, metals impair SH-dependent enzymes and other proteins via mercaptide bond formation and/or exchange reactions 4, metal-induced oxidant stress causes oxidation of reduced porphyrins (porphyrinuria) and other biomolecules (cell injury)...

Woods JS, Fowler BA (1987) Metal alteration of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and coproporphyrinogen oxidase. Ann N Y Acad Sci 514 55-64 Woods JS, Southern MR (1989) Studies on the etiology of trace metal-induced porphyria effects of porphyrinogenic metals on coproporphyrinogen oxidase in rat liver and kidney. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 97 183-190 Woods JS, Miller HD (1993) Quantitative measurement of porphyrins in biological tissues and evaluation of tissue porphyrins during toxicant exposures. Fundam Appl Toxicol 21 291-297... 

Neuropsychiatric, neuromuscular, autonomic dysfunction, and intense abdominal pain characterize AIP. In the liver, this enzyme deficiency results in the increased inducibility of abnormal heme intermediates by certain drugs. Drugs and agents known to induce hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes or to increase hepatic heme mrnover are theoretically capable of precipitating porphyria. Barbiturates, estrogens, alcohol, and heavy metals such as lead have been documented to induce porphyria in genetically susceptible people. ... 

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