Polythiophene nonlinear materials

Conjugated polymers satisfy these requirements and have thus emerged as the most widely studied materials for their susceptability. Some of the examples of conjugated polymers, that have been studied for their third order NLO properties, are polydiacetylenes, poly-p-phenylenevinylenes and polythiophenes. However, CVD has only been used in the case of poly-p-phenylenevinylenes (PPV) [section 3.4], although values have not been reported. An excellent review of third order nonlinear optical properties of PPV in general, can be found in literature. Recently, McElvain et al. ° reported the values of CVD polyazomethines to be... 

K-Conjugated polymers and oligomers are organic materials with many interesting and useful properties [1, 2], Examples of this class of materials include polyacetylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, poly(phenylenevinylene) and their derivatives. Electronic conductivity, luminescence and nonlinear optical behavior are all observed in these materials and these properties have been exploited in applications such as electroluminescent devices (polymer light-emitting devices or PLEDs), electrostatic coatings, electrochromic windows, chemical sensors and memory devices [3-9]. 

The nonlinearity of conjugated polymers was discovered and studied bodi experimentally and theoretically already in the 1970 s [117-119]. Because of the lack of stable and processable materials the research activity then decreased to rise again in recent years with the advent of soluble polydiacetylenes and polythiophene derivatives. 

Third order NLO materials have potential applications such as optical switches, modulations and other nonlinear optical devices [189], Polydiacetylenes [190], polyacetylenes [191], poly(phenylene-vinylene)s [192] and polythiophenes [193] have large third-order nonlinear susceptibility % ranging from lO to 10 esu. 

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