Polythiophene chemical structure

Fig. 17 (a) Chemical structure of polythiophene poly((3,3"-di[(S)-5-amino-5-carbonyl-3-oxapen-tyl]-[2,2 5 2"])-5-,5"-terthiophenylene hydrochloride), PONT, (b) Emission spectra of 6.5 pM PONT—HC1 (on a chain basis) in 25 mM HC1 (black spectrum), 25 mM HC1 with 5.0 pM of native bovine insulin (blue spectrum), 25 mM HC1 with 5.0 pM fibrillar bovine insulin (red spectrum). The emission spectra were recorded with excitation at 400 nm [31]... 

The structure/property relationships that govern third-order NLO polarization are not well understood. Like second-order effects, third-order effects seem to scale with the linear polarizability. As a result, most research to date has been on highly polarizable molecules and materials such as polyacetylene, polythiophene and various semiconductors. To optimize third- order NLO response, a quartic, anharmonic term must be introduced into the electronic potential of the material. However, an understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and quartic anharmonicity must also be developed. Tutorials by P. Prasad and D. Eaton discuss some of the issues relating to third-order NLO materials. 

Two Hell UPS spectra of poly(3-hexylthiophene), or P3HT, compared with the DOVS derived from VEH band structure calculations [83], are shown in Figure 5-14. The general chemical structure of poly(3-alkylthiophene) is sketched in Figure 5-4. The two UPS spectra, were recorded at two different temperatures, -h190°C and -60 °C, respectively, and the DOVS was derived from VEH calculations on a planar conformation of P3HT. Compared to unsubstituted polythiophene, the main influence in the UPS spectra due to the presence of the hexyl... 

R,R2 = H, -(CH2)n-CH3, -0-(CH2)n-CH3 Figure 15.1. Chemical structure of substituted polythiophenes that show the chromic transitions. 

FIGURE 2.2 (A) Aromatic and quinoid resonance forms of poly(phenylene) (60), poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (10), polythiophene (61), and polyisothianaphthene (62). (B) Chemical structures of 63 and 64. (0 Chemical structures of 65 and 66. (D) Chemical structure of 67 with its resonance structure. 

Figure 8.1 Chemical structures of (a) polyacetylene, (b) polythiophene, (c) polypyrrole, and (d) polyanUine.

Polyaniline, PAni Polypyrrole, PPy Polythiophene, Pth Scheme 2. Chemical structures of three important CPs (neutral state). 

Figure 16.38 Chemical structures of various alkyl-substituted polythiophenes...

Figure 16.43 Chemical structures of perylene-containing polythiophenes...

FIGURE 13.20 Polythiophene-based probes for amyloid and protein aggregate detection (a) chemical structures of polythiophene derivatives PONT (b) emission spectra of PTAA in free solution (c) emission spectra of PTAA solution complexed with native insulin or amyloid insulin, and (d) kinetics of insulin fibrillation. Reprinted with permission from [190]. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society. 

Figure 4-1. Chemical structures of conducting polymers, (a) Frans-polyacetylene (b) cw-polyacetylene (c) poIy(/i-phenylene) (d) polypyrrole (e) polythiophene (f) poly(/>-phenylenevinylene) (g) poly(2,5-thienylenevinylene) (h) polyaniline (leucoemeraldine base form) (i) polyisothianaphthene.

Figure 8.1. Chemical structure of (a) polythiophene and (b) poly(3-hexylthiophene). By virtue of Ae presence of the hexyl groups the latter compoimd is soluble in common organic solvents, whereas the former is insoluble. Reprinted with permission from Reference 80. Copyright 1989 American Chemical Society.

Fig. 105. Chemical structures of polythiophene (PT), polyisothianaph-thene (PITN), p)oly(isonaphthothiophene) (PINT), and poly(isoanthro-thiophene) (PIAT).

Fig. 30.18 Chemical structure and EL spectra of substituted polythiophenes. Top Chemical structure of polymeric emitters I-IV. The devices used are of the ITO/poly-mer/Ca-Al type. Polymer I exists in two forms and may be thermally converted from form 1 to form I. (Reproduced from Ref. 16.)...

Figure 4.4 Chemical structures of polythiophene-based all-PSCs.

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