Polyphenylenes, ‘stepladder’-type

Polyfluorenes (PFs), the simplest regular stepladder-type polyphenylenes, in which only every second ring is bridged, have been much studied in recent years due to their large PL quantum efficiencies and excellent chemical and... 

Scheme 37 Synthesis of random stepladder-type polyphenylenes...

Polyfluorenes (PFs), the simplest regular stepladder-type polyphenylenes, in which only every second ring is bridged, have been much studied in recent years due to their large PL quantiun efficiencies and excellent chemical and thermal stability, as evidenced by the number of recent reviews [162-164]. A further attractive feature of poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene)s (PDAFs) is the synthetic accessibility of the monomers, as alkylation and halogenation of fluorene proceed smoothly and in high yields. 

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