Polymer pulsed plasma polymerization

Pulsed Plasma Polymerization. Allyl alcohol, allylamine and acrylic acid were polymerized in pulsed plasma to retain a maximum in functionalities in the resulting plasma polymer. The retention of functional groups during the plasma process, introduced by functional-group carrying monomers and followed by deposition to polymer layers, was primarily measured by XPS including the chemical derivatization of these groups as described in Experimental. These layers were also checked for side-products by respective IR spectra. The results are summarized in Table 1. 

Denis, L., Marsal, R, Olivier.Y, Godfroid.T., Lazzaroni, R., Hecq, M., CornU, J., Snyders, R., 2010. Deposition of functional organic thin films by pulsed plasma polymerization a joint theoretical and experimental study. Plasma Processes Polym. 7. 

A more complicated but very variable process (iii) was the pulsed plasma-initiated polymerization or copolymerization. Here, the desired monotype functional groups are provided by the monomer, which are polymerized in the pulsed plasma. The art in producing such 50 nm thick monotype functionalized polymer coatings lays in carrying out the plasma process under as mild conditions as possible to avoid fragmentation of monomers and to preserve and remain the functional groups of the respective monomers. 

Plasma polymer layers were deposited in the same reactor as described before. However, in this case, the pulsed plasma mode was applied. The duty cycle of pulsing was adjusted generally to 0.1 and the pulse frequency to 103Hz. The power input was varied between P 100 ()() V. Mass flow controllers for gases and vapours, a heated gas/vapour distribution in the chamber, and control of pressure and monomer flow by vaiying the speed of the turbomolecular pump were used. The gas flow was adjusted to 75-125 seem and the pressure was varied between 10 to 26 Pa depending on the respective polymerization or copolymerization process. The deposition rate was measured by a quartz microbalance. 

Yameen B, Khan HU, Knoll W, Foerch R, Jonas U. Surface initiated polymerization on pulsed plasma deposited polyallylamine a polymer substrate-independent strategy to soft surfaces with polymer brushes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011 32(21) 1735—40. 

Deilmann, M. Thei6, S. Awakowicz, P. (2008). Pulsed microwave plasma polymerization of silicon oxide films Application of efficient permeation barriers on polyethylene terephthalate. Surf Coat Technol, Vol. 202, pp. 1911-1917 Deilmann, M. Halfmann, H. Steves, S. Bibinov, N. Awakowicz, P. (2009). Silicon oxide permeation barrier coating and plasma sterilization of PET bottles and foils. Plasma Process, Polym., Vol. 6, pp. S695-S699... 

Nakajima et al. carried out plasma polymerization in continuous-wave and pulsed radio-frequency discharges to establish the effects of reaction conditions on the kinetics of polymer deposition as well as on the polymer structure. Under conditions favoring low deposition rates, the dominant functional group is -CF2. At higher deposition rates the of -Cp2 group concentration is reduced and a cross-linked polymer was obtained [738]. 

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