Polyfluorenes chemical structures

CHART 4.26 Chemical structure of green-emitting and red-emitting phosphorescent polyfluorenes. 

Scheme 3 Chemical structures of polyfluorenes with on-chain Ir complexes...

Scheme 4 Chemical structure of white light-emitting polymer based on polyfluorene with Ir complex on the main-chain...

Scheme 7 Chemical structures of polyfluorenes with charged Ir(III) complexes in the main-chain...

Scheme 8 Chemical structure of polyfluorene derivatives with charged Ir(III) complex in the side-chain...

Scheme 10 Chemical structure of polyfluorene derivatives with on-chain Pt(II) complexes showing molecular wire behavior...

Scheme 15 Chemical structure of polyfluorenes with on-chain Ru(II) complex...

Fig. 4 Chemical structure of PDMOF and geometry of a polyfluorene derivative chain. Reprinted with permission from [28]. (2004) by the American Chemical Society...

The polymers used in this chapter are all polyfluorene derivatives. They are ABAB copolymers with A being the fluorene group shown in Fig. 2.4(a). Due to their high chemical stability, flexible chemistry and good charge transport and luminescence properties, polyfluorenes are very common materials for polymer optoelectronics and have been used to make highly efficient LEDs [26, 13] as well as good photovoltaic diodes [27, 28] and transistors [29]. Table 2.1 lists the abbreviated and full names of all the polymers that appear in this chapter. The chemical structures of each of the polymers are displayed in Fig. 2.4. 

FIGURE 5.5 Absorption, photoluminescence emission, and photoinduced absorption spectrum of a typical polyfluorene-type polymer film. The inset shows the actual chemical structure with R typically being a branched or linear alkyl chain. 

Figure 11.16 Skeleton fluorene monomer unit and selected chemical structures of polyfluorenes.

Figure 26 Chemical structures of cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes 84 to 86 threaded with the conjugated polymers poly(paraphenylene) (PPP), polyfluorene (PF), and poly(diphenylene vinylene) (PDV).

Conjugated polymers are powerfiil fluorescent materials, which makes them suitable for applications as chemical sensors. Chart 13.1 presents the structures of some typical polymers that are applicable for the detection of analytes at low concentrations. These polymers include poly(p-phenylene ethynylene), PPE poly(p-phenylene vinylene), PPV polyacetylene and polyfluorene. Those polymers bearing ionizable pendant groups are water-soluble polyelectrolytes. 

---