Polyethylene-clay nanocomposites

P. Panupakom, E. Chaichana, P. Praserthdam, B. Jongsomjit, Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites Produced by In Situ Polymerization with Zitconocene/MAO Catalyst Journal of Nanomaterial (2013) 9... 

Fig. 34 X-ray diffraction patterns of the polyethylene-clay nanocomposites, a related sample (note that PECH4 is the same as PEI in Table 11), and C18-Mt...

Table 12 Tensile properties of the polyethylene-clay nanocomposite and related samples (n = 5). The values in parentheses are the relative values of the nanocomposites and PECC ...

Table 13 Gas permeabilities of the polyethylene clay nanocomposites and related sam- ...

Jin, Y.-H., Park, H.-J., Im, S.-S., Kwak, S.-Y, and Kwak, S. 2002. Polyethylene/clay nanocomposite by in situ exfoliation of montmorillonite during Ziegler-Natta polymerization of ethylene. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 23 135-140. 

Zhang, J. G. and Wilkie, G. A. 2001. Preparation and flammability properties of polyethylene-clay nanocomposites. Polymer Degradation and Stability 80 163-169. 

Functionalization of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites by intercalative copolymerization of ethylene with p-methylstyrene and subsequent derivatization of the copolymer at its benzylic positions. ... 

Gaboune, A., Sinha Ray, A., Ait-Kadi, A., Riedl, B., and Bousmina, M. 2006. Polyethylene/clay nanocomposites prepared by polymerization compounding method. Journal cf Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6 530-535. 

Ramazani, A., Tavakolzadeh, E, and Baniasadi, H. 2009. In situ polymerization of polyethylene/ clay nanocomposites using a novel clay-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Polymer Composites 30 1388-1393. 

Ray, S., Galgali, G., Lele, A., and Sivaram, S. 2005. In situ polymerization of ethylene with bis(imino)pyridine iron(II) catalysts supported on clay The synthesis and characterization of polyethylene-clay nanocomposites. 

Shin, S.-Y. A., Simon, L. C., and Soares, J. B. P. 2006. Morphology of hybrid polyethylene-clay nanocomposites prepared by in-situ polymerization. Polymer Preprints 47 31-32. 

Dintcheva, N. Tz., Al-Malaika, S., and La Mantia, F. P. 2009. Effect of extrusion and photo-oxidation on polyethylene/clay nanocomposites. Polymer Degradation and Stability 94 1571-1588. 

Rezanejad, S., Kokab, M. Shape memory and mechanical properties of cross-hnked polyethylene/clay nanocomposites. Eur. Polym. J. 43, 2856-2865 (2007)... 

Iron catalysts [20-24] have been used to make polyethylene-clay nanocomposites where the polyethylene had very broad molecular weight distribution (MWD). Ziegler-Natta [25, 26], organo-chromium (Phillips) [27], and bis(imino)pyridine iron and cobalt catalysts [28] have also been used to make polyolefin-late transition metal catalysts [29, 30], capable of producing highly branched polyethylene from only ethylene and of promoting the copolymerization of ethylene with polar comonomers, have also been apphed to make polyolefin-clay nanocomposites. 

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the main technique to detect intercalation and exfoliation for polymer-clay nanocomposites. Polyethylene-clay nanocomposites samples with poor (Figure 3.13a) and good (Figure 3.13b) exfoliation are shown in Figure 3.13 [62]. Uniform exfoliation and distribution of clay nanolayers is obtained by in-situ polymerization only when ethylene is polymerized with a metallocene supported on the organoclay in this case. 

Figure 3.13 TEM image of polyethylene-clay nanocomposite samples made with (a) Cp2ZrCl2/Na+ MMT and (b) Cp2ZrCl2/Cloisite 93A (reproduced from Ref [62]).

Maneshi, A. (2010) In-siui ethylene polymerization with organoclay-supported metallocenes for the preparation of polyethylene-clay nanocomposites. PhD dissertation. University of Waterloo. 

M. A. Adhha, Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber-Polyethylene- and Natural Rubber j Polyethylene-Clay Nanocomposites, PhD thesis. University Putra Malaysia, 2007, FS 2007 57. 

Kuo S-W, Huang W-J, Huang S-B, Kao H-C, Chang F-C (2003) Syntheses and characterizations of in situ blended metallocence polyethylene/clay nanocomposites. Polymer 44 (25) 7709-7719... 

Yan XW, Wang J-D, Yang Y-R (2005) Polyethylene/clay nanocomposite review of the synthetic routes and material properties. Cailiao Kexue Yu GongchengXuebao23(l) 133-136... 

Pegoretti, A., Dorigato, A., Penati, A. (2007). Tensile Mechanical Response of Polyethylene-Clay Nanocomposites. EXPRESS Polymer Letters, 1(3), 123-131. 

Morlat-Therias S, Fanton E, Gardette JL, Dintcheva NT, La Mantia FP, Malatesta V. Photochemical stabilization of linear low-density polyethylene/clay nanocomposites towards durable nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2008 93(10) 1776-80. 

Pegoretti A, Dorigato A and Penati A (2007) Tensile mechanical response of polyethylene-clay nanocomposites. Express Polym Lett 1 123-131. 

S. Morlat-Therias, E. Fanton, J.L. Gardette, N.T. Dintcheva, F.P. La Man-tia, and V. Malatesta, Photochemical stabilization of linear low-density polyethylene/clay nanocomposites Towards durable nanocomposites, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93(10) 1776-1780, October 2008. 

Lee, Y. H., T. Kuboki, C. B. Park, M. Sain, and M. Kontopoulou. 2010. The effects of clay dispersion on the mechanical, physical and flame-retarding properties of wood fiber/ polyethylene/clay nanocomposites. JAppl Polym Sci 118 452-61. 

Hong SI, Rhim JW. Preparation and properties of melt-intercalated linear low density polyethylene/clay nanocomposite films prepared by blow extrusion. Lwt-Food Sci Technol 2012 48 43-51. 

---