Polarization linearly polarized light wave

FIGURE 27.23 Electric (E) and magnetic (H) vectors in a linearly polarized light wave. The plane of polarization contains the electric field vectors in space. At a fixed focation, the tip of the electric vector traces a straight line as a function of time. (From Muller, 1973, with permission from Wiley-VCH.)... 

If the polarization directions of two lineariy polarized light waves, 1 and 2, with identical amplitudes , " = , frequencies v, = vj, and directions of propagation x, are mutually orthogonal, and if the phases of the two waves are identical, B, = Bj = their superposition will produce a new linearly polarized wave... 

If the polarization directions of two linearly polarized light waves, 1 and 2, with identical amplitudes frequencies v, = vj, and directions... 

Figure 1.6 Orientations of the E and B fields associated with the linearly polarized light wave described by Eqs. 1.99. The E field, directed along the x axis, interacts with the X component of the molecule s instantaneous electric dipole moment the B field, directed along the y axis, interacts with the y component of the molecule s instantaneous magnetic dipole moment.

Figure 1 The Jones representation of polarized light represents any state of polarization as a linear combination of two orthogonal linearly polarized light waves.

Up to this point, we have calculated the linear response of the medium, a polarization oscillating at the frequency m of the applied field. This polarization produces its own radiation field that interferes with the applied optical field. Two familiar effects result a change in tlie speed of the light wave and its attenuation as it propagates. These properties may be related directly to the linear susceptibility The index of... 

The matrix IR spectra of la and several isotopomers (cU-la, l80-la) reveal details of the electronic structure of the carbene.23 In particular the red-shift of the C=0 stretching vibration (compared to p-benzoquinone) below 1500 cm-1 indicates a substantial contribution of the phenoxyl/phenyl resonance structure to the wave function of la. The C2V symmetry of the carbene was experimentally revealed by measuring the IR dichroism of partially oriented samples of matrix-isolated la. The orientation of la in an argon matrix was achieved by irradiation with linearly polarized light. 

This is not the same as circularly polarized light which is obtained by passing linearly polarized light through a quarter-wave plate [53]. The plate produces a superposition of x and y components which are 90° out of phase, i.e. 

Figure 7.25 Set-up for ellipsometry microscopy. Incident linearly polarized light reflects on the surface and becomes eiliptically polarized. The quarter wave plate converts the polarization from elliptical to linear. The analyzer is placed such that it extinguishes all light. If the reflection properties change because a gas is adsorbed, the polarization does not match the setting of the analyzer and light passes through it. Appropriate lenses project an image of the surface onto the CCD camera (adapted from Rotermund [72]).

In solution, enantiomers rotate the wave plane of linearly polarized light in opposite directions hence they are refered to as dextro"- or levo-rotatory , designated by the prefixes d or (+) and 1 or (-), respectively. The direction of rotation gives no clue concerning the spatial structure of enantiomers. The absolute configuration, as determined by certain rules, is described by the prefixes S and R. In some compounds, designation as the D- and L-form is possible by reference to the structure of D- and L-glyceraldehyde. 

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