Plants infections

Fig. 1. Spectrum of potato calluses isoperoxidases (a) non-infected plants protein extract, (b) protein extract from plants, infected by P. infestans. M - protein markers.

Hooykaas-van Slogteren, G.M.S., Hooykaas, P.J.J. Schilperoort, R.A. (1984). Expression of Ti plasmid genes in monocotyledonous plants infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nature, 311, 763-4. 

Chapters 7 and 9 discuss specific exchange of molecular signals (the so-called molecular cross talk ) between beneficial microorganisms, such as rhizo-bia and mycorrhizas, and their host plants. Molecular cross talk seems to be a prerequisite mechanism for most of the plant infection by soil microorganisms (14). Only for a few microbial infections, however, the sequence and type of molecular signals involved have been characterized. Thus, there is the need for further studies to elucidate the unknown molecular cross talk between the most common rhizobacteria and fungi and the plant roots it is also needed to better understand how molecular cross talk responds to the changing environmental conditions. The potential applications of these studies are important because the... 

J. C. Dodd, C. C. Burton, R. G. Bums, and P. Jeffries, Phosphata.se activity associated with the roots and rhizosphere of plants infected with vesicular arbuscural mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. 707 163 (1987). 

Finlay, R. D., Ek, FI., Odham, G., and Soderstrom, B. Mycelium uptake, translocation and assimilation of nitrogen from N-labelled ammonium by Pintis. sylvestris plants infected with four different ectomycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. //0 59-66 (1988). 

Signs Plants infected with citrus canker have characteristic lesions on leaves, stems, and fruit with raised, brown water-soaked margins usually with a yellow hallow effect around the lesion. Incubation is typically 14-60 days. Older lesions may fall out, creating a shot-hole effect. Fruit production declines and then stops. The disease ultimately kills the tree. 

Virus-infected tobacco leaves Spatial distribution of acidic chitinases and their messenger RNAs in tobacco plants infected with cherry leaf roll virus Balsalobre et al. (5)... 

Thus, together these studies suggest that the oxidative burst machinery has evolved before the crown diversification of eukaryotes (Baldauf 2003) to provide marine algal lineages with natural and induced innate immunity mechanisms. These play a role similar to the HR in terrestrial plants infected by incompatible pathogens and they share important common traits with the innate immunity response of mammalian phagocytes. 

The biological activity and heat in a compost pile is so great that it can break down many plant diseases. Even so, it is probably wise not to add plants infected with very persistent diseases of vegetables such as clubroot and white rot. Potato and tomato foliage infected with potato blight can be safely composted. 

What to do Space plants out well. Grow in well-drained soil. Avoid fall sowing if this disease is a regular problem. Spring-sown beans are more likely to recover than plants infected later in the season. Improve potassium levels if low. 

Expression of peroxidases that catalyze crosslinking reactions can he induced by wounding or infection. Well-documented examples include the production of acidic peroxidase isoenzymes in woimded tissue of tobacco (132), potato (133), and tomato (134), and also in wheat plants infected with the powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe graminis (135). It is known that peroxidase activity can be induced on wounding of horseradish leaves (56), but other mechanisms of defense in horseradish remain to be demonstrated. 

Orotic acid hydrazide and its acid salts are effective in the treatment of plant infections and the removal of fungus growth from textiles and food [200]. These... 

Whiteford JR, Lacroix H, Talbot NJ, Spanu PD, Stage-specific cellular localization of two hydrophobrns during plant infection by the pathogenic fungus Cladosporium julvum. Fungal Gen Szo/4l 624—634, 2004. 

When radioactive lignin precursors are applied to resistant host plants infected with an avirulent pathogen, the autoradiographic localization of radioactivity in resistant reacting host cells may help to corroborate the participation of lignification in the resistance response. Thorough extraction of non-polymerized precursor with organic solvents and the removal of esterified phenolics by alkaline hydrolysis are important steps in these experiments (25,28,30,31). 

Bushnell, W. R. In Plant Infection, the Physiological and Biochemical Basis-, Asada, Y., Bushnell, W. R., Ouchi, S., Vance, C. P., Eds. Japan Scientific Societies Tokyo, Springer Berlin, 1982 pp 97-116. 

Phyloalexins are metabolites produced by damaged plants or plants infected with fungi, bacteria, or viruses. 

Knight, C.D., Rossen, L., Wells, B. Downie, J.A. (1986). Modulation inhibition by Rhizobium multicopy nodABC genes and analysis of early stages of plant infection. Journal of Bacteriology 166, 552-8. 

Ahmad, I., Owera, S.A.P., Farrar, J.F., Whitbread, R. The distribution of five major nutrients in barley plants infected with brown rust. Physiol Plant Pathol 1982 21 335-346. 

Bawden, F. C., and Pirie, N. W. The isolation and some properties of liquid crystalline substances from solanaceous plants infected with three strains of tobacco mosaic virus. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B123, 274-320 (1937). 

If the roots or crown are also soft and rotted, the plant is suffering from crown or foot rot. Destroy plants infected with these fungal diseases. Prevent both diseases by planting in raised beds or hills. 

If young leaves are yellow and wilted, and older leaves drop, the plant is suffering from Fusarium wilt. The stems may have a faint purple coloration just below the soil line. Destroy plants infected with this fungal disease. Prevent problems by planting disease-free plants or resistant cultivars such as Allgold. ... 

What do we mean when we say a plant is diseased If you accidentally skin the bark off the base of a tree with your lawn mower, is that tree diseased If spring frosts. slightly burn the leaves on broccoli transplants, are those plants diseased Are pea plants infected with beneficial root-nodule bacteria diseased ... 

---