Ring resonator planar

Keywords Ring resonator Microsphere ring resonator Planar ring resonator Opto-fluidic ring resonator Whispering gallery modes Applied optics ... 

Fig. 1 Various ring resonator sensor configurations, (a) Microsphere, (b) Silicon-on-insulator planar ring resonator, (c) Slot waveguide ring resonator, (d) Planar disc ring resonator, (e) Glass planar ring array, (f) Microtoroid, (g) Microknot, (h) Opto-fluidic ring resonator (OFRR) and the inset is the SEM image of the OFRR cross-section. Reprinted with permissions from refs [13, 28, 30, 32, 50, 53, 70, 86]...

Avidin Silicon-on-insulator planar ring resonator 10 ng/ml [27]... 

Fig. 7 (A) E. coli bacterial detection using planar ring resonators (a), with control channel (b). (B) Subtraction of control signal yields cleaner binding curve. Reprinted with permission from ref [30]...

Small mode volumes high Q-factors(10 -10 ) higher-radial-order WG modes are eliminated in the ring resonators suitable for planar integration... 

Chemical two-electron oxidation of the corresponding 1,2-dithiin resulted in the formation of a stable solution of dication 95 (no decomposition was observed at 18°C for months)256 [Eq. (4.73)]. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the dication exhibited resonances at considerably lower fields compared with those of the neutral starting material suggesting aromatic stabilization. Calculated geometries (B3LYP/6-31G ) indicate a planar ring and calculated chemical shifts are in fair agreement with observed values. The related 1,4-dithiin dication was also characterized.257... 

Resonance always results in a different distribution of electron density. For example, if the first term on the left in Figure 5.3 were the actual structure of aniline, the two unshared electrons of nitrogen would reside entirely on that atom. Because the real structure is actually a hybrid that includes contributions from the other canonical forms shown, the electron density of the unshared pair is spread over the ring. This decrease in electron density at one position and the corresponding increase elsewhere is called the resonance effect. When steric inhibition is present, resonance may be reduced or prevented because the atoms are sterically forced out of planarity The resonance effect of a group operates only when the group is directly connected to an unsaturated system. 

Figure 5.8 Typical planar resonators being used as building blocks for filters lumped element (a), microstrip (b), folded microstrip with integrated capacitors (c), coplanar (d), and 2-D microstrip resonator. Omitting the capacitive gap in the folded microstrip design (c) leads to a ring resonator (square if circular shaped), which also represents a quite commonly used microstrip resonator design.

A special class of cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons is known as the aromatic hydrocarbons. The simplest of these is benzene (C6H6), which has a planar ring structure, as shown in Fig. 22.11(a). In the localized electron model of the bonding in benzene, resonance structures of the type shown in Fig. 22.11(b) are used to account for the known equivalence of all the carbon-carbon bonds. But as we discussed in Section 14.5, the best description of the benzene molecule assumes that sp2 hybrid orbitals on each carbon are used to form the C—C and C—H a bonds, while the remaining 2p orbital on each carbon is used to form 77 molecular orbitals. The delocalization of these 1r electrons is usually indicated by a circle inside the ring [Fig. 22.11(c)]. 

Guo J, Vawter GA, Shaw JM et al (2004) Characterization of Si3N4/Si02 planar lightwave circuits and ring resonators. Proc SPIE 5350 13-22... 

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