Pigments from

A. Zamoyski, "Global Oudook of Organic Pigments from a European Perspective," at Theintertech Conference on Environmental Pigments, Herndon, Va., 1993. 

Benzothiazin-4-ones, dihydrosynthesis, 3, 1028 Benzothiazole, acetoacetylamino-azo pigments from, 1, 334 Benzothiazole, 2-acyl-synthesis, 6, 265 Benzothiazole, 2-alkoxy-synthesis, 6, 323 Benzothiazole, 2-alkyl-synthesis, 6, 265 Benzothiazole, 2-alkyl-6-nitro-reactions... 

Benzotriazine, 6-amino-3-methyl-4-oxodihydro-azo pigments from, 1, 334... 

Pyrazol-5-one, 3-methyl-1 -phenyl-4-phenylazo-methylation, 5, 264 Pyrazol-5-one, pyridyl-biological activity, 5, 295 Pyrazol-5-one, l-(4 -carbamoylphenyl)-3-methyl-azo pigments from, 1, 334 Pyrazol-5-one, 3-methyl-l-phenyl-azo dyes from, 1, 330 azo pigments from, 1, 334 Pyrazolones acetylated acylotropy, 5, 264 analytical applications, 5, 300 anions... 

Quinoline, amino-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-azo pigments from, 1, 334 Quinoline, 8-amino-6-methoxy-as antimalarial, 2, 517 Quinoline, 4-amino-2-methyl-protonation, 2, 341 Quinoline, anilino-3-substituted... 

Pulcherrimin, the red pigment from Candida pulcherrima, is a polymeric ferric complex of pulcherriminic acid (9). The structure of... 

Star, A. E., Rosier, H., Mabry, T. J. and Smith, D. 1975a. Flavonoid and ceroptin pigments from frond exudates of Pityrogramma triangularis. Phytochemistry 14 2275-2278. 

Manzan, A.C. et al.. Extraction of essential oil and pigments from Curcuma longa [L] by steam distillation and extraction with volatile solvents, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6802, 2003. 

The bioaccessibility of a compound can be defined as the result of complex processes occurring in the lumen of the gut to transfer the compound from a non-digested form into a potentially absorbable form. For carotenoids, these different processes include the disruption of the food matrix, the disruption of molecular linkage, the uptake in lipid droplets, and finally the formation and uptake in micelles. Thus, the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and other lipophilic pigments from foods can be characterized by the efficiency of their incorporation into the micellar fraction in the gut. The fate of a compound from its presence in food to its absorbable form is affected by many factors that must be known in order to understand and predict the efficiency of a compound s bioaccessibility and bioavailability from a certain meal. ... 

Factors Influencing Bioaccessibility of Pigments from Foods... 

Cai, Y. et ah. Chemical stability and colorant properties of betaxanthin pigments from Celosia argentea, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 4429, 2001. 

Pasch, J.H. and Von Elbe, J.H., Red and yellow pigments from betalaines hold promise as substitutes for colors banned by the FDA, Candy Snack Ind., 142, 32, 1977. 

To extract and evalnate the color pigments from cochineals Dactylopius coccus Costa), a simple method was developed. The procednre is based on the solvent extraction of insect samples nsing methanol and water (65 35, v/v) and a two-level factorial design to optimize the solvent extraction parameters temperature, time, methanol concentration in mixtnre, and yield. For hydrophilic colorants that are more sensitive to temperatnre, water is the solvent of choice. For example, de-aerated water extraction at low temperatnre was applied to separate yellow saffrole and carthamine from saffron (Carthamus tinctorius) florets that contain about 1% yellow saffrole and 0.3% red carthamine. ... 

In order to obtain a highly concentrated and purified anthocyaifin pigment from black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa var. Nero), juices and skin extracts were purified by SPE. 

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