Photovoltaics, lanthanides

Chen, D.Q., Wang, Y.S., Hong, M.C., 2012d. Lanthanide nanomaterials with photon management characteristics for photovoltaic application. Nano Energy 1, 73—90. 

High value metals, metallic compounds, and intermetaUics are used in functional applications, such as electronic, photovoltaic, magnetic and other electrooptic and electro-mechanical devices. Consumer goods, such as sporting equipment, vehicles, and appliances, employ many valuable metals. Common metals used for these applications include precious metals, copper, silicon, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, refractory metals, lanthanides, rare-earth metals, and alkaline-earths. 

Jin, T., Inoue, S., Machida, K.I., and Adachi, G.Y. (1997) Photovoltaic cell characteristics of hybrid silicon device with lanthanide complex phosphorcoating film. /. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 4054-4058. 

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