Phillips Phthalate

Lehmann, K.P., Phillips, S., and Sar, M. et al. (2004). Dose-dependent alterations in gene expression and testosterone synthesis in the fetal testes of male rats exposed to di (n-butyl) phthalate. Toxicological Sciences 81, 60-68. 

Lake BG, Phillips JC, Linnell JC, et al. 1977. The in vitro hydrolysis of some phthalate diesters by hepatic and intestinal preparations from various species. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 39 239-248. 

Zhu J, Phillips SP, Feng YF, Yang X (2006) Phthalate esters in human milk concentration variations over a 6-month postpartumtime. Environ Sci Technol 40 5276-5281... 

Zhu P, Phillips SP, Cao X-L (2010) Chemical contaminants phthalates. In Nollet LML, Toldra F (eds) Handbook of dairy foods analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton... 

The ionic liquid can, for example, be added to the butene effluent from the Dimersol process to obtain octenes by butene dimerization the octene can be carbonylated (Section 4.6) and hydrogenated to wo-nonanol, used to make phthalate plasticizers. In the case of the Phillips trimerization process the use of an ionic liquid allows an easy separation of the trimers and the catalyst for recycling (see also reviews to Section 5.5). However, the industrial use as solvents of ionic liquids, containing halide species (especially anions such as Bp4, PFg, or AlCU ) has the disadvantage that they readily break down to give HX, which can adversely affect the reaction. New types of non-halide containing ionic liquids are being actively researched. 

Rowland IR, Cottrell RC, Phillips JC. 1977. Hydrolysis of phthalate esters by the gastro-intestinal contents of the rat. Food Cosmet Toxicol 15 17-21. 

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