Qualitative organic analysis phenols

Silica gel is the most extensively used adsorbent in thin layer chromatography because it leads to excellent, uncomplicated separations. It can be successfully employed for both qualitative and quantitative thin layer chromatographic analyses. It is usually used as a stationary phase in separations and analysis of alkaloids, various organic acids (especially amino acids and their derivatives), steroids, lipids, vitamins, plant pigments, pesticides, drugs, carbohydrates, phenolic substances, etc. 

During the second year of UG, simple one step organic synthesis (e.g. preparation of bromo or nitro derivative) and quantitative estimations based on specific reactions (e.g. estunation of phenol/aniline by bromination) are introduced along with qualitative analysis. The qualitative analysis is at micro-scale level and is more complex in UG second year, as compounds with multifunctional groups arc given for analysis. In addition to characterisation, students have to identify the compound by performing the confirmatory tests. 

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