Phenol benzene oxychlorination process

Benzene Oxychlorin tion. In the benzene oxychlorination process, also known as the Raschig Hooker process, benzene is oxychlorinated with hydrogen chloride, air, and with the presence of iron and copper chloride catalyst to form chlorobenzene. The reaction occurs at 200—260°C and atmospheric pressure. The chlorobenzene is hydrolyzed at 480°C in the presence of a suitable catalyst to produce phenol and chloride. The yield of phenol is - 90 mol% of theoretical. These plants have been shut down for environmental and economic reasons. 

Benzene oxychlorination process, of phenol manufacture, 18 751 Benzeneperoxyseleninic acid, 13 466 Benzene rings, in liquid crystalline materials, 15 103-104 Benzene sulfonation process, of phenol manufacture, 18 751 Benzenesulfonic acid, 3 602 Benzene-toluene fraction, in styrene manufacture, 23 341-342 Benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX), 10 782 ... 

A second example is the gas-phase oxychlorination of benzene in presence of Cu—Fe catalyst (Raschig process to phenol)248 and the liquid-phase equivalent catalyzed by nitrogen oxides249 alone or combined with metals250 developed by Gulf. 

These processes perform the oxidation of hydrochloric add in situ. Their principle is similar to the one implemented to produce phenol from benzene by the Hooker/Raschig process (see Section 10.1.3). The first industrial ethylene oxychlorination plant was built by Dow in the United States in 1955. 

In addition to Friedel-Crafts chlorination of benzene, chlorobenzene can also be produced by oxychlorination, using hydrogen chloride in the process developed by Gulf, phenol is obtained as the end product. 

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